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Microbiology Final > Virus questions > Flashcards

Virus questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a type of:

A

alphacoronavirus-1

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2
Q

Transmission of TGEV is by:

A

carrier animals, by ingestion of faecal material, or indirectly

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3
Q

TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) is fatal to:

A

piglets under 1 week old

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4
Q

In TGEV, diarrhea is caused due to:

A

destruction of enterocytes of small intestine

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5
Q

TGEV is associated with:

A

bovine and canine coronavirus.; v. epidemic diarrhea of pigs

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6
Q

Which viruses can cause gastroenteritis? (RCAABP)

A

Rotavirus
Calicivirus
Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Bovine coronavirus
Poxviruses

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7
Q

Enteroviruses cause:

A

Swine vesicular disease virus
Enterovirus in swine, bovine and poultry
Foot-and-mouth disease
Poliovirus: human polymyolitis virus (not particularly gastroenteritis but there have been cases)

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8
Q

Name caliciviruses (VRSNFB):

A

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesivirus)
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (lagovirus)
Sapporovirus (sapovirus)
Norwalk virus (norovirus)
Feline calicivirus (respiratory infection)
Bovine calicivirus (gastroenteritis)
* causal agents of human gastroenteritis, mice, mink and pigs

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9
Q

Bovine coronavirus belongs to:

A

beta-coronavirus 1

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10
Q

Name poxviruses and what is causes:

A
  • prolipherative focal skin lesions – zoonotic potential

Variola virus (orthopoxvirus)
- Vaccinia virus, cow poxvirus (orthopoxvirus)
- Simian poxvirus (orthopoxvirus)
- Papular bovine stomatitis virus (parapoxvirus)
Orf virus - contagious pustular dermatitis (small Ru, parapoxvirus)
Sheep and goat poxvirus (capripoxvirus)
Swine poxvirus (suipoxvirus)
Fowl poxvirus (avipoxvirus)
Myxoma poxvirus of rabbits (leporipoxvirus)

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11
Q

Name paramyxoviruses (MSMH + more):

A

Mumps rubulavirus (rubulavirus)
Sendai virus (respirovirus)
Measles virus (morbillivirus)
Hendra henipavirus (henipavirus)
- Bovine parainfluenzavirus 3 (PI-3) (respirovirus)
- Rinderpest virus (cattle) (morbillivirus)
- Peste des pestis rum virus (morbillivirus)
- Canine distemper virus (morbillivirus)
- Equine morbillivirus (morbillivirus)
- Avian avulavirus 1 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of chickens (pseudorabies) (avulavirus)

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12
Q

Foot and mouth disease virus is a type of:

A

Aphtovirus

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13
Q

Foot and mouth disease virus (aphtovirus) is a representative of family:

A

Picornaviridae

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14
Q

Hosts of foot-and-mouth disease viruses are:

A

cloven hoofed animals and many wild ruminants

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15
Q

Not naturally susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus are:

A

carnivores

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16
Q

Wild ungulates may spread virus:

A

foot-and-mouth disease virus
(picornaviridae)

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17
Q

Clinical signs of bovine rotavirus are:

A

malabsorption and diarrhea

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18
Q

Bovine rotavirus can cause severe disease and death by secondary infection with:

A

E. coli and salmonella

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19
Q

Bovine rotavirus can survive for several days in:

A

faeces (main source of infection)

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20
Q

How to eliminate infection with bovine rotavirus:

A

remove animals with diarrhea

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21
Q

Bovine rotavirus is a…….. and belong to family:

A

non enveloped RNA virus, belong to family Reoviridae

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22
Q

Porcine herpesvirus 1 is a type of (V):

A

varicellovirus

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23
Q

Porcine Herpesvirus 1 causes:

A

Aujeszky’s disease or pseudorabies

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24
Q

Herpes virus lies dormant in:

A

nerve cells, trigeminal ganglion in the brain

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25
Q

Natural and possible hosts of porcine herpes virus:

A

Natural - pig
Possible - cattle, man, dogs, foxes and rabbits

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26
Q

Porcine herpesvirus can be transmitted by:

A

transplacental infection
No vaccination against it

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27
Q

Scrapie is a disease of:

A

sheep (naturally occurring)

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28
Q

Scrapie lead to:

A

pathological lesions in the CNS, never fever

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29
Q

Is there horizontal spread of Scrapies?

A

Yes

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30
Q

Is there horizontal spread of BSE?

A

No

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31
Q

Which viruses are associated with chicken disease?

A

Circovirus - Psittacine beak and feather disease
Adenoviridae
- Poultry adenoviruses 1-11 - hydropericard syndrome, inclusion hepatitis. Egg drop syndrome (EDS), soft shelled and shells - less eggs
Gallid herpesvirus 1 - Inf. laringotracheitis of chickens

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32
Q

Name Pestiviruses:

A

Causes intrauterine lifelong persistent infections - Classical European Swine Fever virus
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Border disease virus in sheep

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33
Q

Myxoma virus spread infection by:

A

aerosol transmission

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34
Q

Which viruses replicate in nucleus (HO)?

A

Herpesvirus
Orthomyxovirus

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35
Q

Which viruses replicate in cytoplasm (PPP)?

A

Poxvirus
Paramyxovirus
(picornavirus on lipid membranes in cytoplasm)

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36
Q

Border disease virus belongs to genus:

A

Pestivirus

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37
Q

Replication of Border disease virus takes place:

A

at the surface of endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasmic viral factories

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38
Q

Border disease virus exists worldwide in:

A

sheep

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39
Q

Border disease virus can cross:

A

placenta and cause abortion

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40
Q

Border disease virus has …. detection of serotypes

A

No

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41
Q

Family Orthomyxoviridae is a type of:

A

influenza virus

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42
Q

Family Orthomyxoviridae comprise the genera Alphavirus and Rubivirus

A

Alpha-, beta-, gamma-influenza virus, thogotovirus

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43
Q

Orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus) are sensitive to:

A

heat, drying, detergents, disinfectants and are very labile in the external environment

44
Q

Family Orthomyxoviridae are:

A

Ss, (-), linear and helical symmetry

45
Q

Reservoirs for subtypes of Orthomyxoviridae:

A

Birds and swine

46
Q

Classical European Swine Fever virus (CSFV) belongs to family and genera:

A

Family Flaviviridae
Genus Pestivirus

47
Q

CSFV (Classical swine fever virus) replicates primarily in the:

A

lymphocytes and macrophages of the tonsils

48
Q

Rinderpest virus affect:

A

Payer’s patches

49
Q

CSFV has tertiary dissemination to:

A

CNS

50
Q

Genuses of family paramyxoviridae (RMRA):

A

Respirovirus
Morbillivirus
Rubulavirus
Avulavirus

51
Q

Name viruses that can cause congenital infection (CHRPVE):

A

cytomegalovirus (CMV)
herpes
rubella (German measles)
parvovirus
varicella (chickenpox)
enteroviruses

52
Q

Family paramyxoviridae replicates:

A

in the cytoplasm, budding from the plasma membrane

53
Q

Parvovirus, cytomegalovirus and fowl adenovirus 1 are DNA or RNA?

A

DNA viruses

54
Q

Influenza virus C and rubella virus are DNA or RNA?

A

RNA viruses

55
Q

Orthomyxoviridae and lyssavirus are + or - stranded RNA viruses?

A

Negatively stranded RNA viruses

56
Q

Sheepox virus, coronavirus and flavivirus are:

A

positively stranded

57
Q

Orthomyxoviridae, Hanthavirus, Rotavirus and Bunyaviridae have ……….. genomes:

A

segmented

58
Q

Parvovirinae, coronavirus and alphaherpesvirinae have …………………………… genomes

A

non-segmented

59
Q

Herpesviridae and bunyaviridae are …………………. viruses:

A

enveloped

60
Q

Adenoviridae, rotavirus and parvovirinae are …………………………….. viruses:

A

non-enveloped

61
Q

All viruses contain ………………. and are ……………… parasites:

A

contain protein and are intracellular parasites

62
Q

Nucleocapsids from all viruses protect genome from:

A

nucleases

63
Q

Vertical transmission means that:

A

virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus

64
Q

Nucleocapsids is found in:

A

all infectious virions

65
Q

The virus takes advantage of:

A

existing cell structures to replicate itself

66
Q

WHat are the stages of the replication cycle of viruses?

A
  1. adsorption
  2. penetration
  3. uncoating - physical separation
  4. eclipse - virus bind and penetrate the cells
  5. maturation
  6. elution - release of mature virus
67
Q

Orthomyxoviridae, fowl poxvirus and cow pox can cause infection by:

A

direct contact

68
Q

Myxoma virus cause infection by:

A

arthropods or droplet infection

69
Q

TGEV cause infection by.

A

faecal-oral transmission

70
Q

Name viruses that cause haemorrhagic disease (OCN):

A

Orbivirus - deer
Caliciviridae (rabbit)
Nairovirus (Nairobi sheep disease, Crimean-COngo)

71
Q

Name viruses which vaccines have been used against:

A

Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Equine influenza virus
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
Avian infectious bronchitis virus

72
Q

Name examples of enteroviruses (3) (SDA):

A

Swine vesicular disease virus
duck virus hepatitis
avian encephalomyelitis virus

73
Q

Primary replication of enteroviruses:

A

epithelium of the mucosa of the oropharynx, small intestine

74
Q

Name viruses which occur worldwide:

A

Equine viral arteritis virus
Gallid herpesvirus 2 (Marek’s disease)
Border disease virus (Pestivirus)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus

75
Q

Bovine SPongiform ENcephalopathy is a disease caused by:

A

feeding cattle ruminant protein supplements in the form of meat and bone meal produced by rendering animal waste

76
Q

After adsorption, the virus..:

A

penetrate the plasma membrane and enter host cell

77
Q

The entire process from adsorption to final uncoating may take:

A

minutes to several hours

78
Q

Name viruses spread by bodily secretions (5):

A

Porcine parvovirus
Feline calicivirus
Hepatitis A
Rinderpest virus
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus

79
Q

Retroviruses only survive for:

A

a few hours outside the host

80
Q

Retroviruses can produce:

A

tumours

81
Q

Retroviruses spread by ……….. transmission:

A

horizontal

82
Q

Retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses because they:

A

synthesize mRNA and replicate their genome by means of DNA intermediates

83
Q

Bovine rhinovirus is resistant to:

A

ether

84
Q

Origin of respiratory diseases are (APAE):

A

avian influenza virus
porcine circovirus
adenovirus
equine herpesvirus 1

85
Q

Name pathogenic viruses of cats and dogs:

A

parvoviridae and astroviridae

86
Q

Name a pathogenic virus of cats:

A

cow pox (Orthopoxvirus)
- skin condition

87
Q

Name a pathogenic virus of dogs:

A

adenovirus

88
Q

Lyssavirus belong to family:

A

Rhabdoviridae

89
Q

Rabies is a disease of the genus:

A

Lyssavirus

90
Q

Transmission of rabies is usually by

A

bite or break in the skin

91
Q

Duck virus hepatitis belong to genus……..
and family…….

A

Genus: Avihepadnavirus
Family: Hepadnaviridae

92
Q

Duck virus hepatitis causes disease in:

A

ducklings over 3 months old
(older birds are naturally resistant)

93
Q

Duck virus hepatitis persists in

A

environment, and is excreted by faeces

94
Q

Viruses disinfectiveness relies in:

A

cellular organization and pattern of reproduction

95
Q

The nucleocapsid of viruses is composed of:

A

a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), held within a capsid (protein coat)

96
Q

Function of capsid is:

A

to protect viral genetic materials and aid its transfer between host cells

97
Q

Name positive stranded RNA viruses:
(RA)

A

Rubivirus
Astroviridae

98
Q

Virues are classified according to:

A

The host they infect
The presence of an envelope
Type of nucleic acid
Intracellular location of viral replication

99
Q

Name example of cytopathic effect:

A

Alteration of membrane permeability
Alteration of host cell translation
Degenerative changes in cells associated with the multiplication of certain viruses
Lysis of host cell

100
Q

mRNA is transcribed from:

A

DNA by host enzymes (except poxvirus)

101
Q

DNA replication usually occurs in

A

host cell nucleus

102
Q

Retroviruses have an:

A

RNA dependant DNA polymerase of revert transcriptase

103
Q

Mechanisms of virion release differ between:

A

naked and enveloped viruses

104
Q

Naked virions appear to be released more often by:

A

host cell lysis

105
Q

After synthesizing DNA, the revert transcriptase copies this strand to produce a:

A

double-stranded DNA called proviral DNA

Microbiology Final (9 decks)

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