Virus questions Flashcards
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a type of:
alphacoronavirus-1
Transmission of TGEV is by:
carrier animals, by ingestion of faecal material, or indirectly
TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) is fatal to:
piglets under 1 week old
In TGEV, diarrhea is caused due to:
destruction of enterocytes of small intestine
TGEV is associated with:
bovine and canine coronavirus.; v. epidemic diarrhea of pigs
Which viruses can cause gastroenteritis? (RCAABP)
Rotavirus
Calicivirus
Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Bovine coronavirus
Poxviruses
Enteroviruses cause:
Swine vesicular disease virus
Enterovirus in swine, bovine and poultry
Foot-and-mouth disease
Poliovirus: human polymyolitis virus (not particularly gastroenteritis but there have been cases)
Name caliciviruses (VRSNFB):
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesivirus)
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (lagovirus)
Sapporovirus (sapovirus)
Norwalk virus (norovirus)
Feline calicivirus (respiratory infection)
Bovine calicivirus (gastroenteritis)
* causal agents of human gastroenteritis, mice, mink and pigs
Bovine coronavirus belongs to:
beta-coronavirus 1
Name poxviruses and what is causes:
- prolipherative focal skin lesions – zoonotic potential
Variola virus (orthopoxvirus)
- Vaccinia virus, cow poxvirus (orthopoxvirus)
- Simian poxvirus (orthopoxvirus)
- Papular bovine stomatitis virus (parapoxvirus)
Orf virus - contagious pustular dermatitis (small Ru, parapoxvirus)
Sheep and goat poxvirus (capripoxvirus)
Swine poxvirus (suipoxvirus)
Fowl poxvirus (avipoxvirus)
Myxoma poxvirus of rabbits (leporipoxvirus)
Name paramyxoviruses (MSMH + more):
Mumps rubulavirus (rubulavirus)
Sendai virus (respirovirus)
Measles virus (morbillivirus)
Hendra henipavirus (henipavirus)
- Bovine parainfluenzavirus 3 (PI-3) (respirovirus)
- Rinderpest virus (cattle) (morbillivirus)
- Peste des pestis rum virus (morbillivirus)
- Canine distemper virus (morbillivirus)
- Equine morbillivirus (morbillivirus)
- Avian avulavirus 1 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of chickens (pseudorabies) (avulavirus)
Foot and mouth disease virus is a type of:
Aphtovirus
Foot and mouth disease virus (aphtovirus) is a representative of family:
Picornaviridae
Hosts of foot-and-mouth disease viruses are:
cloven hoofed animals and many wild ruminants
Not naturally susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus are:
carnivores
Wild ungulates may spread virus:
foot-and-mouth disease virus
(picornaviridae)
Clinical signs of bovine rotavirus are:
malabsorption and diarrhea
Bovine rotavirus can cause severe disease and death by secondary infection with:
E. coli and salmonella
Bovine rotavirus can survive for several days in:
faeces (main source of infection)
How to eliminate infection with bovine rotavirus:
remove animals with diarrhea
Bovine rotavirus is a…….. and belong to family:
non enveloped RNA virus, belong to family Reoviridae
Porcine herpesvirus 1 is a type of (V):
varicellovirus
Porcine Herpesvirus 1 causes:
Aujeszky’s disease or pseudorabies
Herpes virus lies dormant in:
nerve cells, trigeminal ganglion in the brain
Natural and possible hosts of porcine herpes virus:
Natural - pig
Possible - cattle, man, dogs, foxes and rabbits
Porcine herpesvirus can be transmitted by:
transplacental infection
No vaccination against it
Scrapie is a disease of:
sheep (naturally occurring)
Scrapie lead to:
pathological lesions in the CNS, never fever
Is there horizontal spread of Scrapies?
Yes
Is there horizontal spread of BSE?
No
Which viruses are associated with chicken disease?
Circovirus - Psittacine beak and feather disease
Adenoviridae
- Poultry adenoviruses 1-11 - hydropericard syndrome, inclusion hepatitis. Egg drop syndrome (EDS), soft shelled and shells - less eggs
Gallid herpesvirus 1 - Inf. laringotracheitis of chickens
Name Pestiviruses:
Causes intrauterine lifelong persistent infections - Classical European Swine Fever virus
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Border disease virus in sheep
Myxoma virus spread infection by:
aerosol transmission
Which viruses replicate in nucleus (HO)?
Herpesvirus
Orthomyxovirus
Which viruses replicate in cytoplasm (PPP)?
Poxvirus
Paramyxovirus
(picornavirus on lipid membranes in cytoplasm)
Border disease virus belongs to genus:
Pestivirus
Replication of Border disease virus takes place:
at the surface of endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasmic viral factories
Border disease virus exists worldwide in:
sheep
Border disease virus can cross:
placenta and cause abortion
Border disease virus has …. detection of serotypes
No
Family Orthomyxoviridae is a type of:
influenza virus
Family Orthomyxoviridae comprise the genera Alphavirus and Rubivirus
Alpha-, beta-, gamma-influenza virus, thogotovirus
Orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus) are sensitive to:
heat, drying, detergents, disinfectants and are very labile in the external environment
Family Orthomyxoviridae are:
Ss, (-), linear and helical symmetry
Reservoirs for subtypes of Orthomyxoviridae:
Birds and swine
Classical European Swine Fever virus (CSFV) belongs to family and genera:
Family Flaviviridae
Genus Pestivirus
CSFV (Classical swine fever virus) replicates primarily in the:
lymphocytes and macrophages of the tonsils
Rinderpest virus affect:
Payer’s patches
CSFV has tertiary dissemination to:
CNS
Genuses of family paramyxoviridae (RMRA):
Respirovirus
Morbillivirus
Rubulavirus
Avulavirus
Name viruses that can cause congenital infection (CHRPVE):
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
herpes
rubella (German measles)
parvovirus
varicella (chickenpox)
enteroviruses
Family paramyxoviridae replicates:
in the cytoplasm, budding from the plasma membrane
Parvovirus, cytomegalovirus and fowl adenovirus 1 are DNA or RNA?
DNA viruses
Influenza virus C and rubella virus are DNA or RNA?
RNA viruses
Orthomyxoviridae and lyssavirus are + or - stranded RNA viruses?
Negatively stranded RNA viruses
Sheepox virus, coronavirus and flavivirus are:
positively stranded
Orthomyxoviridae, Hanthavirus, Rotavirus and Bunyaviridae have ……….. genomes:
segmented
Parvovirinae, coronavirus and alphaherpesvirinae have …………………………… genomes
non-segmented
Herpesviridae and bunyaviridae are …………………. viruses:
enveloped
Adenoviridae, rotavirus and parvovirinae are …………………………….. viruses:
non-enveloped
All viruses contain ………………. and are ……………… parasites:
contain protein and are intracellular parasites
Nucleocapsids from all viruses protect genome from:
nucleases
Vertical transmission means that:
virus can be transmitted from mother to fetus
Nucleocapsids is found in:
all infectious virions
The virus takes advantage of:
existing cell structures to replicate itself
WHat are the stages of the replication cycle of viruses?
- adsorption
- penetration
- uncoating - physical separation
- eclipse - virus bind and penetrate the cells
- maturation
- elution - release of mature virus
Orthomyxoviridae, fowl poxvirus and cow pox can cause infection by:
direct contact
Myxoma virus cause infection by:
arthropods or droplet infection
TGEV cause infection by.
faecal-oral transmission
Name viruses that cause haemorrhagic disease (OCN):
Orbivirus - deer
Caliciviridae (rabbit)
Nairovirus (Nairobi sheep disease, Crimean-COngo)
Name viruses which vaccines have been used against:
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Equine influenza virus
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
Avian infectious bronchitis virus
Name examples of enteroviruses (3) (SDA):
Swine vesicular disease virus
duck virus hepatitis
avian encephalomyelitis virus
Primary replication of enteroviruses:
epithelium of the mucosa of the oropharynx, small intestine
Name viruses which occur worldwide:
Equine viral arteritis virus
Gallid herpesvirus 2 (Marek’s disease)
Border disease virus (Pestivirus)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Bovine SPongiform ENcephalopathy is a disease caused by:
feeding cattle ruminant protein supplements in the form of meat and bone meal produced by rendering animal waste
After adsorption, the virus..:
penetrate the plasma membrane and enter host cell
The entire process from adsorption to final uncoating may take:
minutes to several hours
Name viruses spread by bodily secretions (5):
Porcine parvovirus
Feline calicivirus
Hepatitis A
Rinderpest virus
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus
Retroviruses only survive for:
a few hours outside the host
Retroviruses can produce:
tumours
Retroviruses spread by ……….. transmission:
horizontal
Retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses because they:
synthesize mRNA and replicate their genome by means of DNA intermediates
Bovine rhinovirus is resistant to:
ether
Origin of respiratory diseases are (APAE):
avian influenza virus
porcine circovirus
adenovirus
equine herpesvirus 1
Name pathogenic viruses of cats and dogs:
parvoviridae and astroviridae
Name a pathogenic virus of cats:
cow pox (Orthopoxvirus)
- skin condition
Name a pathogenic virus of dogs:
adenovirus
Lyssavirus belong to family:
Rhabdoviridae
Rabies is a disease of the genus:
Lyssavirus
Transmission of rabies is usually by
bite or break in the skin
Duck virus hepatitis belong to genus……..
and family…….
Genus: Avihepadnavirus
Family: Hepadnaviridae
Duck virus hepatitis causes disease in:
ducklings over 3 months old
(older birds are naturally resistant)
Duck virus hepatitis persists in
environment, and is excreted by faeces
Viruses disinfectiveness relies in:
cellular organization and pattern of reproduction
The nucleocapsid of viruses is composed of:
a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), held within a capsid (protein coat)
Function of capsid is:
to protect viral genetic materials and aid its transfer between host cells
Name positive stranded RNA viruses:
(RA)
Rubivirus
Astroviridae
Virues are classified according to:
The host they infect
The presence of an envelope
Type of nucleic acid
Intracellular location of viral replication
Name example of cytopathic effect:
Alteration of membrane permeability
Alteration of host cell translation
Degenerative changes in cells associated with the multiplication of certain viruses
Lysis of host cell
mRNA is transcribed from:
DNA by host enzymes (except poxvirus)
DNA replication usually occurs in
host cell nucleus
Retroviruses have an:
RNA dependant DNA polymerase of revert transcriptase
Mechanisms of virion release differ between:
naked and enveloped viruses
Naked virions appear to be released more often by:
host cell lysis
After synthesizing DNA, the revert transcriptase copies this strand to produce a:
double-stranded DNA called proviral DNA
