Past papers 2

Question 1

Sporulation (sporogenesis) is a process that takes:

Answer 1

10 hours

Question 2

Endospores are metabolically:

Answer 2

inactive

Question 3

Endospores ensure:

Answer 3

survival of the bacteria through hard times

Question 4

The spore coat of endospores contains:

Answer 4

proteins and enzymes

Question 5

The cortex of endospores contains:

Answer 5

Peptidoglycan: calcium and dipicolinic acid

Question 6

What is the strongest layer of the endospore?

Answer 6

Cortex

Question 7

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

Answer 7

• adherence of the bacterium to the host cells
• protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by producing capsule and biofilm

Question 8

The glycocalyx is important:

Answer 8

virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria

Question 9

The glycocalyx consists of:

Answer 9

capsule and biofilm

Question 10

Fungi are:

Answer 10

multicellular organisms

Question 11

Algae are

Answer 11

unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes

Question 12

Fungi consists of:

Answer 12

eukaryotic cells which absorb nutrients from an organic material from the environment

Question 13

Yeast and moulds are part of:

Answer 13

fungi

Question 14

Moulds grow as:

Answer 14

branching filaments (hyphae), which interlace to form mycelium

Question 15

Yeasts are:

Answer 15

ovoid or spherical cells that reproduce by budding, and do not form mycelium

Question 16

Mesosomes are part of what, and form what:

Answer 16

Internal structures of bacterial cells, and forms irregular rolled folds of plasmatic membrance

Question 17

Mesosomes function:

Answer 17

in cell division and metabolism

Question 18

What is the liquid cytoplasmic component called?

Answer 18

matrix

Question 19

Bacterial cell contains thousands of:

Answer 19

ribosomes

Question 20

The function of ribosomes:

Answer 20

Gives cytoplasm granular appearance
Guide synthesis of proteins

Question 21

Ribosomes are composed of:

Answer 21

RNA and proteins

Question 22

Bacterial cytoplasm includes:

Answer 22

nuclear region, ribosomes and inclusion bodies

Question 23

Plasma membranes can be destroyed by:

Answer 23

alcohols and polymyxins

Question 24

Growth of bacterial population consists of 4 phases:

Answer 24

Lag phase
Log phase
Stationary phase
Death
(individual growth is 3 phases)

Question 25

Phase of growth curve is characterized by:

Answer 25

the most rapid growth and cell division

Question 26

M-concentration is:

Answer 26

the highest bacterial concentration and reaches 10^8 to 10^9 per ml

Question 27

Generation time consists of:

Answer 27

growth and phase of division

Question 28

Antibiotics are produced mainly by:

Answer 28

fungi, moulds and soil bacteria

Question 29

Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit:

Answer 29

The synthesis of the bacterial cell walls

Question 30

Tetracyclines inhibit:

Answer 30

proteosynthesis of bacteria

Question 31

Vancomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline are produced by:

Answer 31

streptomycetes

Question 32

Rifampin can be:

Answer 32

toxic and inhibit nucleic acid synthesis