Past papers 4 Flashcards
The main component of the bacterial cell wall is:
peptidoglycan consisting of 2 types of sugars and amino acid cross bridges
Family Picornaviridae includes genera (HEAT):
Hepatovirus
Enterovirus
Aphtovirus
Teschovirus
Campylobacters cause
acute diarrhoeal diseases (cytotoxin similar to cholera toxin)
Bovine herpesvirus 1 causes:
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Coagulase positivce staphylococci:
S. aureus can cause pyogenic localised infections (abscesses) or even generalised infection
Have pathogenic potential, convert soluble fibrinogen into fibrin
S. aureus can cause food poisoning
Viruses that cause viral hepatitis belong to genera (3):
Hepadnaviridae
Flaviviridae
Picornaviridae
Viruses that cause gastroenteritis belong to (6) (NAPCRP):
Norovirus
Astrovirus
Pestivirus
Coronavirus
Rotavirus
Parvovirus
Picornaviruses are:
Small, non-enveloped RNA viruses
Icosahedral
Single-stranded
Linear
Genetic code is defined as:
degenerated (some AAs are encoded by more codons)
A nucleotide sequence, which corresponds with the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chain
Streptococci can cause (r):
rheumatic fever
S. agalactie belongs to group B streptococci and causes:
chronic mastitis of cows and sheep
Procaryotic cells are:
mycoplasmas, rickettsia and bacteria
Genus Haemophilius
- require:
- is where:
- has:
- disease:
require presence of growth factors X and V
Commensal of the respiratory tract
Has capsule, fimbriae and a ciliostatic endotoxin
H. parasuis causes Glassers disease (polyserositis)
Genus Pestivirus includes:
Bovine viral diarrhea virus
Classical swine fever virus
Border disease virus in sheep
Cytoplasmatic membrane of bacterial cells:
Has amphipathic arrangement: phosphate heads are arranged outwards and fatty acid chains inwards
Bacteria do not contain sterols (exc mycoplasma), eukaryotic do
Integral and peripheral proteins are a part of CPM, their function is in the transport material
Horizontal gene transfer:
Transduction of genes from lysed bacteria
Basic condition of bacterial conjugation is
Direct contact of the cells
The latent form of the viral genome in the host is called
prophage
Mycobacteria cause
acute respiratory infections in humans and animals, resulting in granulomatous inflammation
The main virulence factor Mycobacteriae is
ability to survive intracellularly in alveolar macrophages
Infectious prionic agents:
Are resistant to radiation and autoclaving temperature 121*C
Causative agents of disease such as kuru or scrapie
Bacterial flagella:
- structure
- leptospirosa and borrelia
The basal body of Gram-negative bacteria anchors the flagellum to the cell wall by four rings
Leptospiras are borrelias for a movement use endoflagellas that are located in the periplasmatic space
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- causes
- gram + biochemical
Cause pyogenic infections, mastitis, pneumonia and lung abscesses in animals
Gram negative, rod shaped, catalase and oxidase positive, motile and strictly aerobic bacteria
Adenoviruses are:
double stranded DNA viruses
icosahedral
non-enveloped
Mycoplasma infections are
latent and usually have a chronic cause
Mycoplasmataceae family also includes
ureaplasmas
Exotoxins are of:
protein nature
Endotoxin is of
lipid nature
Brucellas antigens
Have 3 surface polysaccharide antigens marked as A, M and R
Brucellas are (O2)
aerobic to microaerophilic and cause granulomatous inflammation in various organs
Facultative intracellular parasites which are able to survive in the monocytes and macrophages, penetrate through intact mucus membranes
Model of DNA replication:
Watson and Crick 1953
General does not apply in the case of E. coli conjugation and bacteriophage reproduction
3’ to 5’ orientation
Coxiella burnetir
- is transmitted by
- characterize
Is transmitted by dust and blood sucking insect
Is strictly intracellular microorganism and causes zoonotic Q fever
Abscesses of parenchymous organs and nervous symptoms
Survives in extracellular environment in spore-like form
General virus properties are
The basic structural unit of the virion is capsid, which consists of capsomeres and protomeres
Differ from other living cells by their acellular organisation
Catabolic reactions in bacterial cell includes
Hydrolysis of the bigger nutrient molecules (sugars, lipids and proteins)
Degradation of amino acids, glycerol, monosacccharides, fatty acids and other compounds to simply molecules
Genus Maldivirus:
Mark disease virus in poultry belongs to this genus
Bacillus anthracis
Carnivores and poultry are naturally resistant to infection
Resist phagocytosis, is able to survive intracellularly, spreads through the bloodstream, leads to septicaemia
Yersinia
- causes:
- can:
Y. pseudotuberculosis causes mesentherial lymphadenitis in animals and humans
Are able to survive and multiply within the macrophages as well as salmonella
Y. enterocolitica is an invasive pathogen that penetrates the enteric mucous membrane through M cells of Peyer’s patches
