virus-lichens

Question 1

living and non living characters of virus

Answer 1

non living:
high specific gravity
ability to get crystallised
absence of growth and division

living:
ability to multiply
neuraminidase(first), transcriptase, lysozyme
killed by autoclavig and UV rays

Question 2

scientists related to virus

Answer 2

pasteur-virus
ivanowsky-tobacco mosaic, passed through bacteria proof filter
beijerinck-contagium vivum fluidum

Question 3

scientists related to virus

Answer 3

pasteur-virus
ivanowsky-tobacco mosaic, passed through bacteria proof filter
beijerinck-contagium vivum fluidum
stanley-crystallised and showed its majorly protein

Question 4

what is a virion

Answer 4

inert virus

Question 5

explain viral envelope

Answer 5

made of proteins from virus and carbs and lipids from host
it may or may not be present
HIV and Herpes virus have it

Question 6

genetic material of virus

Answer 6

dsDNA-cauliflower mosaic, pox, herpes
ssDNA-coliphage, phi-174, m-13
dsRNA-reovirus, wound tumor
ssRNA-retrovirus(hiv), foot and mouth disease, corona, rous sarcoma virus (rsv), tmv, influenza

Question 7

based on host specificity virus are divided as

Answer 7

phytophaginaea-ssRNA
zoophagineae-all except ssDNA
bacteriophage-dsDNA

Question 8

about tmv

Answer 8

3000A long
18A diamtere
2100 capsomeres
6400 nucleotides
nucleotide:capsomere = 3:1
39.4x10^6Da weight
helical ssRNA

Question 9

about T4 phage

Answer 9

polyheadral head with helical binal tail
hexagonal base plate with 6 tail pins and 6 tail fibres for attachment to host

Question 10

explain reproduction in virus

Answer 10

phagic (only nucleic acid enters):
lytic cycle (only in virulent)-T4
lysogenic (temperate virus)-lambda phage

pinocytic (all except envelope enters)
tmv, hiv, hepatitis b

Question 11

1. small pox
2. mumps
3. german measles
4. measles

Answer 11

1. variola
2. paramyxo
3. rubella
4. measles virus

Question 12

viriods

Answer 12

-smallest self replicating particles
-t o diener
-rna particle devoid of protein coat
-obligate parasite
-potato spindle tuber disease, chrysanthemum stunt, citrus exocortis

Question 13

virusoids

Answer 13

-rna virus inside capsid of large virus
-do not cause infection in host
-randle

Question 14

prions

Answer 14

-alper
-kuru (laughing death)
-scrapie in sheep
-mad cow/bovine spongiform encephalopathy
-creutzfeldt jakob disease
-abnormally folded protein

Question 15

ascomycetes that form lichen

Answer 15

cladonia
usnea
parmelia
graphis

Question 16

basidioycetes that form lichen

Answer 16

cora
corella

Question 17

chlorophyceae part of lichen

Answer 17

chlorella
trebouxia
protococcus
palmella

Question 18

bga part of lichen

Answer 18

chlorococcus
nostoc
scytonema

Question 19

who named lichen

Answer 19

theophrastus (father of botany)

Question 20

based on habitat lichens are called

Answer 20

soil (terricolous)
barren rock (saicolous)
tree bark (corticolous)
wood (lignicolous)

Question 21

what percent of lichen is phycobiont

Answer 21

5

Question 22

reproduction in lichen

Answer 22

progressive death and decay
fragmentation
isidia - algal cell core surrounded by fungal hyphae sheath
soredia-most efficient