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biological classification > fungi > Flashcards

fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what are fungi growing on the following called:
1. wood
2. burnt wood

A
  1. epixylic
  2. xylophilous
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2
Q

unicellular fungi

A

synchytrium

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3
Q

which basidiomycetes dont have dolipore septum

A

smut and rust

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4
Q

cellulose cell wall is seen in

A

phytophthora
pythium
oomycetes

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5
Q

reserve food material

A

glycogen and oil

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6
Q

what type of golgi bodies are present in fungi

A

unicisternal

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7
Q

what type of mitosis is present in fungi

A

karyokorosis (intranuclear spindle formation)

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8
Q

define
1. holocarpic
2. eucarpic

A
  1. whole cell/unicellular fungus develops into reproductive structure
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9
Q

define
1. holocarpic
2. eucarpic

A
  1. whole cell/unicellular fungus develops into reproductive structure
  2. one part of the mycelium is used to form reproductive structures
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10
Q

which fungi have zoospores which are:
1. uniflagellate
2. biflagellate

A
  1. synchytrium
  2. saprolegnia, pythium
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11
Q

explain diplanetism

A

there are 2 kinds of biflagellate zoospores
one which is pyriform which has 2 flagella are the anterior end (primary zoospore)
other which is kidney/bean shaped bearing 2 laterally inserted flagella (secondary zoospore)

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12
Q

explain sporangiospores

A

thin walled
non motile
endogenous
mucor, rhizopus

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13
Q

explain conidia

A

thin walled
exogenous
aspergillus, penicillium

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14
Q

explain chlamydospores

A

unfav conditions
thick walled resting spores
rhizopus

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15
Q

explain oidia

A

thin walled
non motile
sugar rich medium
budding stage is called torula
mucor, rhizopus

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16
Q

planogametic copulation/gametic fusion

A

simplest form of sexual reproduction
one or both gametes are motile
allomyces

17
Q

gametangial contact

A

a conjugation tube is formed and all the male content is transferred to female
both never fuse losing identity
pythium, albugo (oomycetes)

18
Q

gametangial copulation

A

dissolution of wall and formation of one cell

19
Q

gametangial copulation

A

dissolution of wall and formation of one cell
mucor, rhizopus (zygomycetes(

20
Q

gametangial copulation

A

dissolution of wall and formation of one cell
mucor, rhizopus (zygomycetes)

21
Q

spermatization

A

tiny spores called spermatia (male) are transferred by water or whatever to female receptive hyphae
puccinia (basidiomycetes)

22
Q

somatogamy

A

no gametes are formed in higher fungi
direct fusion of hyphal cells to establish dikaryophase

23
Q

somatogamy

A

no gametes are formed in higher fungi
direct fusion of hyphal cells to establish dikaryophase
agaricus

24
Q

dikaryophase is seen in

A

agaricus, aspergillus

25
Q

OOMYCETES

  1. common name
  2. mycelium
  3. cell wall
  4. asexual spores
  5. sexual reproduction
  6. sexual spore
  7. what are aquatic phycomycetes called and example
A
  1. algal fungi
  2. coenocytic
  3. cellulose
  4. zoospores
  5. planogametic copulation and gametangial contact
  6. oospore
  7. water moulds (saprolegnia)
26
Q

OOMYCETES

what are the diseases caused by them and what are the causative fungi names

A
  1. synchytrium endobioticum- black wart of potato
  2. phytophthora infestans-late blight of potato/famine of ireland (1845-47)
  3. albugo candida- white rust of crucifer
  4. pyhtium debaryanum- damping off disease (seedling)
  5. selerospora graminosa- downy mildew of cereals
27
Q

ZYGOMYCETES

  1. common name
  2. mycelium
  3. cell wall
  4. asexual spores
  5. sexual reproduction
  6. sexual spore
A
  1. conjugation fungi
  2. coenocytic
  3. chitin
  4. sporangiospores
  5. gametangial copulation/conjugation
  6. zygospores (they produce germ sporangium which produces meiospores called germ spores which give rise to new mycelium)
28
Q

ZYGOMYCETES

examples

A

mucor mucedo- dung mould
rhizopus stolonifer/nigricans- black bread mould

29
Q

ASCOMYCETES

  1. common name
  2. mycelium
  3. septal spore
  4. asexual spores
  5. sexual reproduction
  6. sexual spore
A
  1. sac fungi
  2. septate
  3. central
  4. conidia (penicillium, aspergillus)
  5. gametagial contact (pyonema)
    conjugation (yeast)
    spermatization (ascobolus)
    somatogamy (peziza)
    autogamu (morchella)
  6. ascospore (4-8 endogenous)
30
Q

ASCOMYCETES

what is the method of dikaryotization

A

crozier method

31
Q

ASCOMYCETES

examples

A
  1. M.esculenta or M.deliciosa-morels
  2. neurospora crassa- drosophila of plant kingdom
  3. apergillus flavus- aflatoxin, weed of lab
    aspergillus oryzae- diastase
  4. tuber aestivum - truffles
  5. P. chrysogenum, P.notatum-penicillin
    P.roqueforti, P. camemberti- cheese ripening
  6. S. cerevisae-beer yeast
    S. ellipsoidens- wine yeast
  7. C. purpurea- ergot of rye
    C. microcephala-ergot of bajra
    if you eat cereal infected with this, abortion
32
Q

BASIDIOMYCETES

  1. common name
  2. special features
  3. how do they distribute dikaryon in cell division
  4. asexual spores
  5. sexual spore
A
  1. mushrooms, puff balls, toadstools, bracket fungi
  2. most common, most advanced, one of the best decomposers of wood, ganoderma can even decay standing trees
  3. clamp connections
  4. chlamydospores, aecidiospores, uredospores, teleutospores
  5. 4 exogenous basidiospores on sterigmata
33
Q

BASIDIOMYCETES

examples

A

smuts:
U.hordei- covered smut of barley
U.maydis-covered smut of corn
U.nuda tritica-loose smut of wheat
U.avenae-loose smut of oat
mushrooms:
Agarius bisporus, A.campestris
toadstools:
Amanita caeserea (caesar’s mushroom)
A. phylloides (death cup)
rusts:
P. graminis trici- black rust of wheat
P. glumarum or P.striiformis- yellow rust of wheat
P.recondita-brown rust of wheat

34
Q

explain spores of puccinia

A

on wheat:
uredeospores, teleutospores (n+n)
in soil-basidiospores (n)
on barberry:
pycniospores, aecidiospores (n)

35
Q

DEUTOTEROMYCETES

  1. common name
  2. asexual spores
A
  1. fungi imperfecti
  2. conidia
36
Q

DEUTEROMYCETES

examples

A
  1. colletotrichum falcatum-red rot of sugarcane
  2. helminthosporium oryzae- brown leaf spot of rice (bengal famine)
  3. alternaria solani- early blight of potato
  4. cercospora personata- tikka disease of peanut
  5. fusarium- wilt or arhar
  6. trichophyton interdigitale- ringworm/athlete’s foot
37
Q

fungicides

A
  1. bordeaux mixture- caso4+ca(oh)2+h2o (holy water of plant pathology) - RMA Millardet
  2. burgandy mixture (soda bordeaux)- caso4+na2co3+h2o - mass
  3. chestnut mixture- ammonium carbonate + cuso4
38
Q

ectomycorrhiza

A

form a network called hartig net
basidiomycetes like boletus
pinus root

38
Q

ectomycorrhiza

A

form a network called hartig net
basidiomycetes like boletus
pinus root

biological classification (4 decks)

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