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biological classification > monera > Flashcards

monera Flashcards

1
Q

first scientific attempt for classification

A

aristotle

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2
Q

2 kingdom classification

A

linnaeus

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3
Q

three kingdom classification

A

haeckel

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4
Q

four kingdom classification

A

copeland

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5
Q

five kingdom classification

A

rh whittaker

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6
Q

six kingdom classification

A

carl woese

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7
Q
  1. what are the 6 kingdoms
  2. differentiate archaebacteria and eubacteria
  3. on what basis did he divide the kingdoms into 3 domains of life
  4. what was the common ancestor called
A
  1. archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
  2. archaebacteria doesnt have peptidoglycan and muramic acid in the cell wall, and also its cell membrane has unimembrane of branched chain lipids (phytanyl tail) instead phospholipid bilayer
    ribosomal proteins are acidic and dna contains introns
  3. on the basis of sequence of 16S rRna
  4. progenote
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8
Q

obligate aerobe

A

bacillus subtilis

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9
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

clostridium botulinum

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10
Q

facultative aerobe

A

chlorobium

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11
Q

facultative anaerobe

A

mycoplasma, plasmodium

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12
Q

purple sulphur bacteria

A

thiospirillum

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13
Q

green sulphur bacteria

A

chlorobium

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14
Q

purple non sulphur bacteria

A

rhodospirillum

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15
Q

green non sulphur bacteria

A

chloronema

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16
Q

ammonia to nitrite bacteria

A

nitrosomonas, nitrococcus

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17
Q

nitrite to nitrate bacteria

A

nitrobacter, nitrocystis

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18
Q

iron bacteria

A

ferrobacillus leptothrix

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19
Q

hydrogen bacteria

A

hydrogenomonas

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20
Q

h2s to s bacteria

21
Q

s to h2so4 bacteria

A

thiobacillus thioxidans

22
Q

free living, aerobic nitrogen fixers

A

azotobacter, beijerinckia, klebsiella, clostridium

23
Q

anaerobic nitrogen fixer

A

clostridium pasteurianum

24
Q

endospore formation
what is it made up of

A

bacillus, clostridium
calcium dipicolinic acid

25
Q

transformation

A

griffith (1928)
diplococcus or streptococcus pneumoniae

26
Q

conjugation

A

lederberg and tatum (1946)
e.coli

27
Q

transduction

A

zinder and lederberg (1952)
salmonella typhimurium

28
Q

symbiotic nitrogen fixers

A

rhizobium, frankia, xanthomonas

29
Q

bacitracin

A

bacillus licheniformis

30
Q

retting of fibres

A

clostridium perfringens, pseudomonas fluorescence

31
Q

curing of leaves

A

tea (micrococcus candidans)
tobacco (bacillus megatherium)

32
Q

erythromycin

A

streptomyces erythraeus

33
Q

methanogens

A

obligate anaerobe, chemoautotroph

34
Q

explain halophile membrane

A

purple due to presence of bacterio-rhodopsin which traps energy for synthesis of ATP but it is not used for food

35
Q

halophile

A

heterotroph, facultative anaerobe

36
Q

thermoacidophile

A

chemosynthetic

37
Q

red sea

A

trichodesmium erythrium

38
Q

what are cyanelles

A

when cyanobacteria live endozoically in protozoans

39
Q

what are cyanobacteria characterised by

A

-absence of flagella throughout life cycle
-4 layered cell wall
-central colourless centroplasm, peripheral protoplasm is -pigmented due to thylakoids called chromoplasm
-lamellosome connects membrane to nucleoid
-sap vacuoles are replaced by gas vacuoles

40
Q

what are the pigments in cyanobacteria

A

phycocyanin (blue)
phycoerythrin (red)
allophycocyanin (light blue)
chlorophyll a

41
Q

describe photosytems in heterocysts

A

it lacks ps-ii and co2 is only done in vegetative cells
it has ps-i tho which generates ATP required to fix N2

42
Q

which bga have been used to reclaim soil

A

nostoc, anabena

43
Q

which bgas cause algal blooms

A

microcystis aeruginosa
anabaena flos-aquae
aphanizomenon flos-aqaue

44
Q

who discovered PPLO

A

nocard and roux

45
Q

what are the various names of PPLO and who named them

A

borrel named it asterococcus mycoides
and nowak named it mycoplasma

46
Q

describe the reproduction of mycoplasma and also their dna

A

they reproduce by formation of elementary bodies
they have liner double stranded dna extending throughout the cell

47
Q

what is the smallest prokaryote

A

mycoplasma gallisepticum

48
Q

what diseases do mycoplasma cause

A

potato witch’s broom
little leaf of brinjal both in plants
apart from pleuropneumonia in cattle

biological classification (4 decks)

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