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virus Flashcards

1
Q

unique characteristics of virus

A

have no energy, float around until contact host, have protein coat called capsid and lipid layer that surrounds it- with genetic material inside. Genetic material DNA or RNA

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2
Q

viral structure from inside out

A

nucleic acid (RNA or DNA), capsid (protein coat), envelope (not all viruses have)

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3
Q

how to viruses reproduce

A

they can’t reproduce on their own, must invade a cell and use their sources to make more virus

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4
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV) definition

A

very common, infects almost everyone, most are asymptomatic (latent) while healthy

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5
Q

CMV risk factors

A

AIDS (AIDS defining illness- CMV retinitis), bone marrow recipients, chemo pts, actively infected moms can pass to baby (hearing loss, developmental disabilities), transplant patients

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6
Q

CMV s/sx

A

latent- asymptomatic or mild flu-like

active: pneumonia, splenomegaly, LAD, extreme fatigue; HIV retinitis, GI sx, encephalitis

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7
Q

CMV dx

A

CMV PCR test

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8
Q

CMV tx

A

no cure. immunocompromised may be treated with ganciclovir. High risk pt may be put on anti-viral prophylaxis (valganciclovir)
antiretroviral therapy for AIDS

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9
Q

where do WBC originate and where do they go

A

originate in bone marrow, migrate to lymphatic system- lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

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10
Q

types of lymphatic cells

A

T cells and B cells

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11
Q

lymphatic system function

A

transport & storage- filters out dead cells and invading organisms. Each lymphatic cell has R that recognize invading organism- (Rs match only with specific antigen)

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12
Q

T- cell name and facts

A

named for thymus- mature there. 2 types- helper cells and killer cells

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13
Q

phagocytic cell fxn

A

eat bacteria, presents part of it on surface to T-helper cell to join with and activate it

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14
Q

activated T-helper cell function

A

activate B cells which divide to make plasma cells (antibodies) and memory cells. Also activate KILLER t-cells

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15
Q

epstein-barr virus pathophys

A

transmitted through oropharyngeal secretions. Infects B-cells in oropharyngeal epithelium, which spread infection through entire reticular endothelial system (liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes). Healthy T-cell resposne- control EBV infection and lifelong suppression of EBV

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16
Q

how EBV infection occurs

A

acute- ineffective T-cell response= mono. Sequela- B-lymphocyte malignancies: hodgkin, non-hodgkin, oral hairy leukoplakia, leiomyoma, burkitt lymphoma

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17
Q

complications of EBV

A

peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditi, meningitis, guillain-barre, pneumonia, ILD, hepatitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, splenic rupture, malignancies

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18
Q

EBV s/sx

A

fatigue, fever, exudates, inflamed throat, swollen lymph nodes in neck, nausea, enlarged spleen/liver, rash (2nd to amoxicillin), sx 2-4wk but can last for months

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19
Q

EBV dx

A

heterophiles antibody test (mono spot). If -, consider viral capsid antigen (IgM suggest accuse infx, IgG marker for past EBV infxn)

20
Q

EBV tx

A

supportive: IV fluids, acetaminophen + NSAIDs, steroids controversial, refrain from physical activity x4wk

21
Q

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the US?

A

noroviris

22
Q

top 3 common settings of norovirus

A

hospitals/ nursing home, restaurant or banquet, school or daycare (outbreaks on cruises)

23
Q

norovirus s/sx

A

cramping, N/V/D, low grade fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue last 1-3days

24
Q

norovirus dx

A

PCR assay (usually just clinical)

25
Q

norovirus tx

A

prevention & supportive care

26
Q

Rotavirus epidemiology

A

was leading cause of diarrhea in infants/kids prior to vaccine. common in winter

27
Q

rotavirus s/sx

A

vomiting, watery diarrhea, anorexia, dehydration last 3-8days

28
Q

rotavirus dx

A

PCR assay

29
Q

rotavirus tx

A

prevention, supportive care

30
Q

rabies carriers- rabiesvirus

A

unvaccinated dogs, racooms, skunks, fox, coyote, groundhog, bat

31
Q

rabies s/sx

A

animal: strange behavior
human: tingling or itching at site of bite, anorexia, HA, fever, aerophobia/ hydrophobia (irrational fear of water), convulsions, agitation, usually fatal

32
Q

rabies dx

A

consult ID for assay

33
Q

rabies tx

A

wound care, prophylaxis (3 doses), rabies immunoglobulin (w/o prophylaxis- 3 doses vaccine + Ig… w/ prophyax- 2 doses vaccine + Ig). amoxicillin/ clavunate. Tetanus booster

34
Q

west nile virus epidemiology

A

mosquito born illness- can infect horses, birds, dogs, other mammals

35
Q

west nile s/sx

A

symptoms of mild infection last 3-6days- fever, malaise, myalgia, HA, back pain, rash, eye pain, nausea/ anorexia, vomiting. Serious- 1% with meningitis, encephalitis and paralysis

36
Q

west nile dx

A

blood test- Ab to virus, LP for meningitis, MRI for encephalitis

37
Q

west nile tx

A

most recover without tx. Severe- IV therapy and pain meds. prevention

38
Q

chikungunya definition

A

self limiting mosquito born illness caused by mosquito infected with the virus

39
Q

Chikungunya s/sx

A

symptoms begin 3-7 days after bitten by infected mosquito. Triad= high fever, rash, all over body/ joint pain (African word for walk bent over)

40
Q

chikungunya dx

A

clinical- often check for dengue and malaria infxn also. Blood test

41
Q

chikungunya tx

A

supportive care, prevention

42
Q

zika definition

A

mosquito born illness, reported in returning travelers

43
Q

zika s/sx

A

incubation period unknown (days or weeks), fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes. If pregs- microcephaly and other poor pregnancy outcomes

44
Q

zika dx

A

clinical, blood test

45
Q

zika tx

A

supportive care, prevention, pregs avoid traveling to endemic areas

clinmed (5 decks)

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