Lucky 13 antibiotics

Question 1

Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs and MOA

Answer 1

MOA: inhibit cell wall synth by inhibiting peptidoglycan layer
meds: penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin

Question 2

penicillin, amoxicillin class

Answer 2

beta lactam

Question 3

penicillin, amoxicillin MOA

Answer 3

inhibit cell wall synth by inhibit peptidoglycan layer

Question 4

penicillin, amoxicillin adverse effects

Answer 4

hypersensitivity rash, N/V/D, candidiasis… serious= thrombocytopenia, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis

Question 5

penicillin pregs class

Answer 5

B (safe)

Question 6

penicillin, amoxicillin extra notes

Answer 6

check renal function, decrease OCP efficacy

Question 7

amoxicillin/ clavulanate class and MOA

Answer 7

beta lactam, inhib cell wall synthesis

Question 8

amoxicillin/ clavulanate adverse effects

Answer 8

abd cramps, N/D, hypersensitivity rash, candidiasis… serious= thrombocytopenia, psuedumembranous colitis

Question 9

amoxicillin/ clavulante pregs class

Answer 9

B

Question 10

amoxicillin/ clavulanate extra notes

Answer 10

take with food to decrease GI effects, may decrease OCP efficacy

Question 11

cephalosporin generations and drug class, MOA

Answer 11

generations- 1 (+), 2 (+/-), 3 (-)
beta lactam
inhibit cell wall synthesis
cross reactive with PCN 1%

Question 12

cephalexin class and generation and MOA

Answer 12

1st gen cephalosporin, beta lactam

inhibit cell wall synth by inhibiting peptidoglycan layer (skin infxn)

Question 13

cephalexin adverse effects

Answer 13

hypersensitivity rash, N/V/D, transient elevated LFTs, candidiasis… serious= neutropenia, pseudomembranous colitis

Question 14

cephalexin extra notes

Answer 14

take with food, decrease OCP efficacy

Question 15

cephalexin pregs class

Answer 15

B

Question 16

ceftriaxone class, generation, MOA

Answer 16

3rd gen cephalosporin, beta-lactam

inhib cell wall synthesis

Question 17

ceftriaxone adverse effects

Answer 17

rash, diarrhea, transient elevated LFT… serious= leukopenia, psuedomembranous colitis (*strong assoc with C. diff!)

Question 18

ceftriaxone pregs

Answer 18

B

Question 19

ceftriaxone extra notes

Answer 19

caution in neonates

Question 20

vancomycin drug class, MOA

Answer 20

beta lactam, inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 21

vancomycin adverse effects

Answer 21

red man syndrome (rapid IV infusion), hypotension, fever… serious= nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis

Question 22

vancomycin pregs

Answer 22

C

Question 23

vancomycin extra notes

Answer 23

get vance troughs- check levels before next dose

Question 24

tetracyclines - drugs and MOA

Answer 24

doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline. MOA= inhibit protein synthesis

Question 25

tetracyclines adverse effects

Answer 25

HA, nausea, photosensitivity... serious= C. diff, hepatotoxicity, tooth discoloration

Question 26

tetracycline pregs

Answer 26

D

Question 27

tetracycline extra notes

Answer 27

don't take with calcium, iron, antacid, or multivitamin-- colors teeth. May decrease OCP efficacy

Question 28

macrolides - drugs and MOA

Answer 28

azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin. MOA- inhibit protein synthesis

Question 29

macrolides adverse effects

Answer 29

N/V/D... serious= prolonged QT

Question 30

macrolide pregs

Answer 30

B

Question 31

macrolide extra notes

Answer 31

inhibits cytochrome P450 (so will prolong other drugs that use these enzymes)

Question 32

clindamycin MOA

Answer 32

inhibit protein synthesis

Question 33

clindamycin adverse effects

Answer 33

N/V/D, rash... serious= C-diff**, thrombocytopenia

Question 34

clindamycin pregs

Answer 34

B

Question 35

clindamycin extra notes

Answer 35

C. Diff! (for up to 2 mo after getting abx)

Question 36

aminoglycosides- drugs and MOA

Answer 36

gentomycin, tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin. MOA- inhibit protein synthesis

Question 37

amino glycoside adverse effects

Answer 37

BUN/Cr elevation, dizziness... serious= nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss)

Question 38

amino glycoside pregs

Answer 38

D

Question 39

amino glycoside extra notes

Answer 39

toxicity is dose related

Question 40

fluoroquinolone drugs and MOA

Answer 40

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin. MOA- alter nucleic acid metabolism

Question 41

fluoroquinolone adverse effects

Answer 41

altered mental status in elderly, insomnia in younger, photosensitivity... serious= tendon rupture, prolong QT

Question 42

fluoroquinolone pregs

Answer 42

C

Question 43

fluoroquinolone extra notes

Answer 43

don't take with calcium, iron, antacid, or vitamins

Question 44

trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX= bactrim)- MOA

Answer 44

inhibit folate metabolism

Question 45

TMP/SMX adverse effects

Answer 45

rash, photosensitivity... serious= bone marrow suppression especially with pneumocystis infection

Question 46

TMP/SMX pregs

Answer 46

C

Question 47

TMP/SMX extra notes

Answer 47

careful w/ coumadin because prolongs PT, may decrease OCP efficacy

Question 48

metronidazole (Flagyl) adverse effects

Answer 48

N/V/D, metallic taste, dark red-brown urine, sick with alcohol... serious= dose-related peripheral neuropathy

Question 49

metronidazole pregs

Answer 49

B

Question 50

metronidazole extra notes

Answer 50

caution with alcohol! pt ed. may decrease OCP efficacy

Question 51

nitrofurantoin adverse effects

Answer 51

N/V/D, fever, rash... serious= C. diff, pneumonitis

Question 52

nitrofurantoin pregs

Answer 52

B

Question 53

nitrofurantoin extra notes

Answer 53

NOT to be used with renal dysfunction. May decrease OCP efficacy