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clinmed > Lucky 13 antibiotics > Flashcards

Lucky 13 antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs and MOA

A

MOA: inhibit cell wall synth by inhibiting peptidoglycan layer
meds: penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin

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2
Q

penicillin, amoxicillin class

A

beta lactam

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3
Q

penicillin, amoxicillin MOA

A

inhibit cell wall synth by inhibit peptidoglycan layer

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4
Q

penicillin, amoxicillin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity rash, N/V/D, candidiasis… serious= thrombocytopenia, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis

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5
Q

penicillin pregs class

A

B (safe)

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6
Q

penicillin, amoxicillin extra notes

A

check renal function, decrease OCP efficacy

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7
Q

amoxicillin/ clavulanate class and MOA

A

beta lactam, inhib cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

amoxicillin/ clavulanate adverse effects

A

abd cramps, N/D, hypersensitivity rash, candidiasis… serious= thrombocytopenia, psuedumembranous colitis

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9
Q

amoxicillin/ clavulante pregs class

A

B

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10
Q

amoxicillin/ clavulanate extra notes

A

take with food to decrease GI effects, may decrease OCP efficacy

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11
Q

cephalosporin generations and drug class, MOA

A

generations- 1 (+), 2 (+/-), 3 (-)
beta lactam
inhibit cell wall synthesis
cross reactive with PCN 1%

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12
Q

cephalexin class and generation and MOA

A

1st gen cephalosporin, beta lactam

inhibit cell wall synth by inhibiting peptidoglycan layer (skin infxn)

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13
Q

cephalexin adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity rash, N/V/D, transient elevated LFTs, candidiasis… serious= neutropenia, pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

cephalexin extra notes

A

take with food, decrease OCP efficacy

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15
Q

cephalexin pregs class

A

B

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16
Q

ceftriaxone class, generation, MOA

A

3rd gen cephalosporin, beta-lactam

inhib cell wall synthesis

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17
Q

ceftriaxone adverse effects

A

rash, diarrhea, transient elevated LFT… serious= leukopenia, psuedomembranous colitis (*strong assoc with C. diff!)

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18
Q

ceftriaxone pregs

A

B

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19
Q

ceftriaxone extra notes

A

caution in neonates

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20
Q

vancomycin drug class, MOA

A

beta lactam, inhibit cell wall synthesis

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21
Q

vancomycin adverse effects

A

red man syndrome (rapid IV infusion), hypotension, fever… serious= nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis

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22
Q

vancomycin pregs

A

C

23
Q

vancomycin extra notes

A

get vance troughs- check levels before next dose

24
Q

tetracyclines - drugs and MOA

A

doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline. MOA= inhibit protein synthesis

25
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A

HA, nausea, photosensitivity… serious= C. diff, hepatotoxicity, tooth discoloration

26
Q

tetracycline pregs

A

D

27
Q

tetracycline extra notes

A

don’t take with calcium, iron, antacid, or multivitamin– colors teeth. May decrease OCP efficacy

28
Q

macrolides - drugs and MOA

A

azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin. MOA- inhibit protein synthesis

29
Q

macrolides adverse effects

A

N/V/D… serious= prolonged QT

30
Q

macrolide pregs

A

B

31
Q

macrolide extra notes

A

inhibits cytochrome P450 (so will prolong other drugs that use these enzymes)

32
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis

33
Q

clindamycin adverse effects

A

N/V/D, rash… serious= C-diff**, thrombocytopenia

34
Q

clindamycin pregs

A

B

35
Q

clindamycin extra notes

A

C. Diff! (for up to 2 mo after getting abx)

36
Q

aminoglycosides- drugs and MOA

A

gentomycin, tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin. MOA- inhibit protein synthesis

37
Q

amino glycoside adverse effects

A

BUN/Cr elevation, dizziness… serious= nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (hearing loss)

38
Q

amino glycoside pregs

A

D

39
Q

amino glycoside extra notes

A

toxicity is dose related

40
Q

fluoroquinolone drugs and MOA

A

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin. MOA- alter nucleic acid metabolism

41
Q

fluoroquinolone adverse effects

A

altered mental status in elderly, insomnia in younger, photosensitivity… serious= tendon rupture, prolong QT

42
Q

fluoroquinolone pregs

A

C

43
Q

fluoroquinolone extra notes

A

don’t take with calcium, iron, antacid, or vitamins

44
Q

trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX= bactrim)- MOA

A

inhibit folate metabolism

45
Q

TMP/SMX adverse effects

A

rash, photosensitivity… serious= bone marrow suppression especially with pneumocystis infection

46
Q

TMP/SMX pregs

A

C

47
Q

TMP/SMX extra notes

A

careful w/ coumadin because prolongs PT, may decrease OCP efficacy

48
Q

metronidazole (Flagyl) adverse effects

A

N/V/D, metallic taste, dark red-brown urine, sick with alcohol… serious= dose-related peripheral neuropathy

49
Q

metronidazole pregs

A

B

50
Q

metronidazole extra notes

A

caution with alcohol! pt ed. may decrease OCP efficacy

51
Q

nitrofurantoin adverse effects

A

N/V/D, fever, rash… serious= C. diff, pneumonitis

52
Q

nitrofurantoin pregs

A

B

53
Q

nitrofurantoin extra notes

A

NOT to be used with renal dysfunction. May decrease OCP efficacy

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