virus

Question 1

The virus causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a:

Answer 1

Retrovirus

Question 2

Rotavirus is the most common etiologic agent of:

Answer 2

acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in infants and young children

Question 3

Kaposi’s sarcoma are associated with HIV positive patients. With what infectious group of viral agents is this cancer associated?

Answer 3

Herpesviridae

Question 4

The target of the virus believed to cause acquired immune deficiency is

Answer 4

T-helper cell

Question 5

The viral disease shingles, which causes extreme tenderness along the dorsal nerve roots and a vesicular eruption, has the same etiologic agentas

Answer 5

Varicella

Question 6

The etiologic agents of many common colds are single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses known as:

Answer 6

Rhinoviruses

Question 7

This virus – now classified as a teratogen – is known to produce fetal defects when it crosses to the baby through the placenta. Fetal defects include visual impairment with cataracts and retinal degeneration, deafness, and heart defects when contracted during the first trimester of fetal life. Associate these fetal defects with the appropriate virus

Answer 7

Rubella

Question 8

The polio viruses, coxsackie viruses, and echoviruses belong to the genus:

Answer 8

Enterovirus

Question 9

Acute enlargement of the salivary glands (especially the parotid gland) in children and young adults is most likely due to infection with which virus belonging to which family?

Answer 9

Mumps - Paramyxovirus

Question 10

Hepatitis B can be transmitted by:

Answer 10

Acupuncture needles
Tattoo needles
Sexual contact

Question 11

This double-stranded enveloped DNA virus has an icosahedra capsid and causes vesicular lesions of the genital tract. Receptors on the surface of the viral envelop interact with receptors on the surface of the host cell during entry. The organism can reside in a latent state in the sacral ganglia. The virus can be detected using viral culture, serology and molecular methods. The virus is identified as:

Answer 11

Herpes Simplex 2 virus

Question 12

This virus is the most common etiological agent of respiratory infection as well as viral lower respiratory disease and hospitalization in infants and children. Identify this virus:

Answer 12

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 13

Koplik spots (raised red spots with white centers on the buccal mucosa) are seen in 80-90% of patients with which of the following viral infections

Answer 13

Rubeola virus

Question 14

Which of the following viruses causes acute symptoms characterized by vomiting and watery diarrhea, often with low-grade febrile gastroenteritis in children especially during the winter and spring?

Answer 14

Rotavirus

Question 15

A specimen for viral culture is received in the lab at 12:00 noon. The virologist is at a noon-hour continuing education program and will not be back until 1:30 PM. What storage technique would best maintain the viability of this sample for this time period?

Answer 15

Store at 4*C (in the refrigerator)

Question 16

Which of the following morphological findings is consistent with rabies?

Answer 16

Negri inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected brain cells

Question 17

Which of the following guidelines correctly describes the proper selection and collection of a specimen for routine virus isolation?

Answer 17

Swabs with tips of Dacron, rayon or other polyester fibers and shafts made of plastic or aluminum are appropriate collection devices forlesion material

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid from a 24-year old male reveals a high number of mononuclear cells and a negative routine culture for bacteria. The spinal fluid glucose, and protein values are within the normal ranges. In addition, the patient has vesicular genital lesions. The most likely etiologic agent is:

Answer 18

Herpes Simplex meningitis

Question 19

The retrovirus responsible for causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is known by the name

Answer 19

HIV

Question 20

Outbreaks of gastrointestinal symptoms among vacationers on cruise ships is associated with which viral family?

Answer 20

Calciviridae

Question 21

This double stranded DNA virus is predominantly associated with upper respiratory disease and is sometimes characterized as a ‘common cold.’ Symptoms can be move severe with a high fever and sore throat. Sometimes the cervical lymph nodes can be enlarged. This virus can also sometimes cause gastroenteritis and cystitis. It has also been associated with epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis. What is the most likely causative agent?

Answer 21

Adenovirus

Question 22

A specimen for viral culture is collected on a Friday and must be held for processing until the following Friday. In general, the optimal temperature forholding this specimen is:

Answer 22

-70*C

Question 23

The type of cell culture that best supports the growth of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is:

Answer 23

Human lung fibroblast cells

Question 24

Which virus has been implicated in adult gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of contaminated food (especially shellfish from contaminated waters) and water supply?

Answer 24

Norovirus

Question 25

Which virus is associated with venereal and respiratory tract warts in some infected individuals and is has strains that are associated with cervical cancer?

Answer 25

Papillomavirus

Question 26

Which clinical test(s) used for the detection and identification of viral infections, other than growth in culture and molecular techniques, is/are:

Answer 26

Electron microscopy Direct immunofluorescence of tissue culture growth Immunoassay of viral antigen

Question 27

An 80 year old male gardener from New York State was hospitalized with flu-like symptoms and eventually diagnosed with encephalitis. While working in his garden, he noticed several dead birds around his bird feeder. The region was known to be heavily infested with mosquitoes. What is the most likely cause of his illness?

Answer 27

West Nile virus

Question 28

A 30 year old male patient who was a contractor and building inspector in the southwestern U.S. complained of difficult breathing and was admitted to the hospital with severe respiratory disease. The physician noted a high fever and cough. Two days before, the patient had inspected an old warehouse, abandoned and infested with rodents. The patient was given intravenous antibiotics, but two days into therapy the pneumonia worsened and he developed pulmonary edema. Which organism should be suspected of causing his illness?

Answer 28

Hantavirus

Question 29

A young father of two small children complained of a rash on the torso of his body. The children had been diagnosed with chickenpox and confined to their home. The father had experienced chickenpox as a child and knew he did not have the same rash as his children. What is the most likely cause of the father’s rash?

Answer 29

Varicella-zoster virus

Question 30

A 36 year old male encountered a cayote in his path during a hunting trip. The coyote did not appear aggressive but was staggering from side to side. The man tried to avoid contact but suddenly the animal attacked and bit the man on his forearm and lower leg. The bites broke skin but not deeply. Wildlife personnel were unable to locate the animal for testing. What is the BEST course of action that should occur next?

Answer 30

Take hunter to nearest emergency facility where hyperimmune anti-rabies globulin and rabies vaccine can be administered

Question 31

A 36 year old female experienced a respiratory infection after returning from a visit to her family in mainland China. A rapid onset of pneumonia in the lower respiratory area led her physician to place her in isolation. She was presumptively diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and placed on a respiratory. According to the CDC guidelines for SARS what methods can be used to diagnose this disease?

Answer 31

Molecular technique and cell culture

Question 32

A 65 year old male became ill after a camping trip. He developed nausea and tingling in both arms. CT scans of his brain before death failed to reveal signs of encephalitis and bacterial and viral cultures were negative for infection. His driver’s license identified him as an organ donor. Steps were taken immediately to prepare his organs for donation. From testing doctors indicated that there was “no increased risk for infectious disease transmission”. Three recipients of his corneas and kidneys also died of the same diseases.

Answer 32

Rabies virus

Question 33

A very small single-stranded DNA virus that causes a febrile illness with a characteristic rash is referred to as the fifth childhood disease after rubeola, rubella, varicella, and roseola. What is the causative agent?

Answer 33

Parvovirus B19

Question 34

This virus is associated with yearly hospitalizations and deaths but in most individuals this infection causes fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches and sometimes breathing difficulties. While vaccines are available, they usually have to be repeated each season because the virus for which they protect undergoes antigenic shift and antigenic drift. While the vaccine could provide lifelong immunity if there were no antigenic changes in the virus, the vaccine is usually good only for one year. What virus is this describing?

Answer 34

Influenza A virus

Question 35

This virus causes an infection in young children commonly referred to as the sixth disease or roseola infantum. The child presents with a mild upper respiratory illness followed by a high fever for up to a week during which the child can be quite irritable and fussy and may have swollen lymph nodes. As the fever ends, the child develops a pinkish-red rash over most of the body which blanches or turns white when touched. The individual spots are red with a light peripheral halo. On rare occasion the child may develop seizures and go into coma. This condition is caused by:

Answer 35

Human Herpesvirus type 6 and possibly type 7

Question 36

This virus is associated with adult T-cell lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. What is the virus?

Answer 36

HTLV-1

Question 37

A chronic carrier state may occur in which of the following?

Answer 37

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

Question 38

This infection results from the bite of the Aedes mosquito. The patient presents with high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, nausea and vomiting as well as a skin rash which appears about 3 days after the on-set of fever. A hemorrhagic fever which can cause massive bleeding, shock and death can result from reinfection by a different serotype of the virus. This condition describes:

Answer 38

Dengue Fever

Question 39

Hepatitis A could be readily transmitted by:

Answer 39

Changing the diaper of an infected baby

Question 40

This is a rare cause of mild encephalitis which was first discovered in the United States in the 1940s. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. During a short early symptom phase, the patient may experience fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache and abdominal pain. Within 3-7 days after the mosquito bite, the patient becomes drowsy and loses mental alertness. A very few patients become comatose. After 10 to 14 days the encephalitis resolves. Some patients develop behavioral problems or recurrent seizures post infection. The first case of this disease were centered in Kern County. This infection is caused by:

Answer 40

California encephalitis virus

Question 41

In July of 2014, 2 backpackers who camped in Colorado set up tent in a heavily wooded area which was infested with ticks. Within days of returning to Denver they experienced headache, muscle ache, nausea and vomiting and rash for a period of 3 days which then resolved. The symptoms returned and both went to see a local doctor who found a tick embedded in the skin of each camper. They also each had mild leukopenia, thromobocytopenia and mildly elevated ALT and AST. The tick vector is seen below and was identified as the Female Wood Tick Dermacentor andersoni:

Answer 41

This virus is part of the Reoviridae family and is associated with CO Tick Fever

Question 42

Which strains of HPV are currently associated with the highest prevalence for cervical cancer?

Answer 42

Strains 16 and 18