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Immunology CCMLS > hypersensitivity > Flashcards

hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

hypersensitivity definition

A

inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system

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2
Q

types of hypersensitivity

A

I: anaphylactic or immediate
II: cytotoxic rxn
III: immune complex rxn
IV: cell mediated or delayed

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3
Q

type I hypersensitivity examples

A

allergens
bee sting
anaphylactic shock
selective IgA deficiency
drug sensitivity

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4
Q

Ig mediation of type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE

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5
Q

cell receptors of type I hypersensitivity

A

mast cells
basophils

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6
Q

chemical mediators of type I hypersensitivity

A

histamine
other vascoactive amines

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7
Q

clinical course of type I hypersensitivity

A

exposure to allergen or antigen
B lymph activated to prod IgE Ab
IgE attaches to mast cells/basophils
basophils release granules

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8
Q

immunologic response of type I hypersensitivity

A

re-exposure= response in mins
mast cells release vasoactive cmpds
vasodilation, mucus secretion, edema, bronchospasms

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9
Q

vasoactive compounds from granules in mast cells contain

A

from granules: histamine, heparin, proteases

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10
Q

vasoactive compounds from membrane of mast cells contain

A

from membrane: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, soluble cytokines

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11
Q

symptoms of type I hypersensitivity

A

itching
hay fever
asthma
eczema
urticaria (hives)

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12
Q

testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

total IgE levels
RAST testing

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13
Q

RIST testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

radioimmunosorbent immunoassay
competitive binding
double Ab technique
correlates w/ increased eosinophil count

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14
Q

RAST testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

radioallergosorbent test
disks w/ specific allergen
allergen panel varies
direct double Ab

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15
Q

common antigens tested for type I reactions

A

pollen
food
drugs
insect products
animal hair

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16
Q

in vivo skin testing for type I hypersensitivity

A

scratch test
allergen placed on skin and punctured
if IgE Ab to allergen hive will appear w/in 15 mins

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17
Q

type I hypersensitivity summary

A

too much IgE
binds to mast and basophils
upon re-exposure of the immunogen, mast and basos release histamine and other factors

18
Q

Ig mediation in type II hypersensitivity

A

IgG
some IgM

19
Q

type II hypersensitivity examples

A

Rh autoimmunehemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia purpura
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
hemolytic disease of the newborn
transfusion rxns
Graves disease

20
Q

cells involved in type II hypersensitivity

A

RBC
WBC
Plts

21
Q

chemical mediators of type II hypersensitivity

A

complement cascase leading to cell lysis and destruction

22
Q

clinical course of type II hypersensitivity

A

cell damage from Ag-Ab rxns
signs and symptoms specific to etiology

23
Q

transfusion rxn (type II hypersensitivity)

A

ABO incompatability
intravascular hemolytic transfusion rxn
IgM anti-A and IgM anti-B coat RBCs
C’ bind to RBCs
lysis occurs intravascularly

24
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (type II hypersensitivity)

A

mother’s IgG Ab cross placenta
rx w/ Ag on baby’s RBCs
RBCs bind C’
cells are destroyed by baby’s RES (extracellular hemolysis)
causes in utero hemolysis and anemia

25
Q

type II hypersensitivity summary

A

Ab formed against self
Ab usually IgG maybe IgM
Ab binds to body cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
C’ activated
makes cells either sensitive to removal by RES or susceptible to decreased fx due to blockage of fx sites by Ab

26
Q

type III hypersensitivity examples

A

glomerulonephritis
rheumatoid arthritis
Arthus Rxn
systemic lupus erythematosus
rheumatic fever

27
Q

type III hypersensitivity Ig mediation

A

IgG or IgM

28
Q

cells involved in type III hypersensitivity

A

host tissue cells

29
Q

chemical mediators in type III hypersensitivity

A

C’
immune complexes

30
Q

clinical course of type III hypersensitivity

A

formation of immune cmplxs in normal host fx
(facilitates clearance of foreign Ag and invading organ. by phagocytosis)
complications: Innocent bystander process
(cells in the immediate area of cmplxs r destroyed by phagocytes

31
Q

acute glomerulonephritis (type III hypersensitivity)

A

Ag-Ab cmplx
soluble cmplx lodges in tissues w/ large filtration area

32
Q

Arthus reaction (type III hypersensitivity)

A

Ab rx w/ Ag injected into interstitial fluid
(2nd time rxn)

33
Q

Rhematic fever (type III hypersensitivity)

A

Ab rx w/ Ag on cell surfaces

34
Q

type III hypersensitivity summary

A

immune cmplxs form in blood after exposure to foreign Ag or in response to self determinants
cmplxs trapped as they pass thru basement mem. of blood vessels/ glomerulus of kidney
trapped cmplxs activate C’
phagocytic cells migrate to area and damage tissue
“innocent by stander” destruction

35
Q

type IV hypersensitivity examples

A

contact sensitivity: poision ivy, allergic rxns
graft vs host disease
immunity to viral/fungal Ag
imminity to intracellular organ.
elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens
formation of chronic granulomas (syphilis)
TB skin test
Hashimoto’s thyroditis

36
Q

graft vs host disease (type IV hypersensitivity)

A

immunologically competent lymphs are transfused from donor to recipient
recipient is incapable of rejecting lymps
grafted lymphs recognize Ag of the host as foreign and rx against them
may cause uncontrolled destruction of host cells

37
Q

Ig mediation of type IV hypersensitivity

A

none- T cell mediated

38
Q

cells involved in type IV hypersensitivity

A

host tissue cells

39
Q

chemical mediators of type IV hypersensitivity

A

lymphokines

40
Q

clinical course of type IV hypersensitivity

A

mediated by T lymphs and phagocytic cells
Ag sensitized T cell release lymphokines
lymphokines attract macrophages to site of inflamm
inflamm rxn and tissue damage

41
Q

type IV hypersensitivity summary

A

caused by abnorm. in normal T cell mech
T cells inappropriate response to self or over enthusiastic response to foreign Ag
T cells attract macrophages which destroy foreign and normal cells

Immunology CCMLS (12 decks)

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