Virulence and pathogenicity of parasites

Question 1

3 groups of eukaryotic organisms that aflict health and wellbeing of animals?

Answer 1

1. Protozoa
2. Helminths
3. Arthropods

Question 2

single celled, nucleated org that causes harm to health?

Answer 2

Protozoa

Question 3

worm like animals showing differentiation, metazoans

Answer 3

Helminths

Question 4

3 sub classifications of helminths and short description

Answer 4

Nematode-round worm
Cestode- tapeworm (flat words)
Trematode- fluke (flatworm)

Question 5

Arachnids and insects, ectoparasites that afflict health and well being of animals?

Answer 5

Arthropods (Entomology)

Question 6

Lives on the host, causes infestations?

Answer 6

Ectoparasite

Question 7

Lives in the host, causes infection?

Answer 7

Endoparasite

Question 8

harbors adult or sexual stage of the parasite?

Answer 8

Definitive host

Question 9

harbors larval or asexual stage of the parasite?

Answer 9

Intermediate host

Question 10

an unusual host, unnecessary for the maintenance of parasite in nature?

Answer 10

Incidental host

Question 11

conferred by a host’s specific immune response developed as a result of a previous parasitic infection?

Answer 11

Acquired immunity

Question 12

resistance to reinfection or superinfection conferred by presence of parasites that are alive but are in check by host immunity-malaria, toxoplasmosis

Answer 12

Premunition

Question 13

Parasites have specificity for?

Answer 13

particular definitive and intermediate hosts

Question 14

Often parasite life cycles can only be completed in?

Answer 14

a particular host

Question 15

How can disease manifestations differ?

Answer 15

Depends upon whether an animal serves as a definitive, intermediate, or incidental host.

Question 16

infection dose and the number of organisms acquired over time?

Answer 16

Severity

Question 17

Ingestion cause of parasite infection?

Answer 17

Giardia, Balantidium coli, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, Cestodes, some Nematodes, some Trematodes

Question 18

Skin or mucosal penetration cause of parasite infection?

Answer 18

Hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis; schistosomes

Question 19

Transplacental (prenatal) cause of parasite infection?

Answer 19

Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara canis, Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 20

Transmammary (milk) cause of parasite infection?

Answer 20

Toxocara canis, T. cati, Ancylosotma caninum

Question 21

Arthropod bite (vector) cause of parasite infection?

Answer 21

Babesia, heartworm, Leishmania, Trypanosomes

Question 22

Sexual contact: cause of parasite infection?

Answer 22

Tritrichomonas foetus

Question 23

How does the parasites reproduce in protozoa?

Answer 23

Multiply in Hosts

Question 24

How do helminths reproduce?

Answer 24

Adult worms do not multiply in the definitive host. Worms die over time, unless the host is re-exposed

The severity of the disease is proportional to worm load introduced into the host.

Question 25

Attachment of parasites causes?

Answer 25

Cell and tissue damage

Question 26

Different mechanical or biting mouthparts?

Answer 26

Oral cavity
Attachment organs
Suction disc
direct penetration

Question 27

Ancylostoma tubaeforme have what kind of attachment?

Answer 27

3 pairs of teeth in buccal cavity

Question 28

Adult hookworms in the small intestine of infected dogs or cats are attached to the intestinal villi by?

Answer 28

Large mouth cavity (buccal cavity)

-Adult hook worms can cause loss of .2 mL of blood per day

Question 29

Taenia spp. scolex (T. solium and T. saginata) attach to this area in humans?

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

Attach to villi of small intestine

Answer 30

Giardia intestinalis

Question 31

TICKS CAN CAUSE? (worst case scenario)

Answer 31

Paralysis

Question 32

What do Ascaris,

tapeworms, schistosomes, filarial worm cause mechanically?

Answer 32

Blockage of internal organs

Question 33

What do Echinococcus, Cysticerci cause mechanically?

Answer 33

Pressure atrophy

Question 34

What do Helminthic larvae cause mechanically?

Answer 34

Migration through tissues

Question 35

Nematodes will cause ______ to horse’s small intestine?

Answer 35

Rupture (blockage first)

Question 36

Inflammation causes pathology during worm migration?

Answer 36

Toxocariasis

Question 37

Anasakiasis,

schistosome cercariae, hookworms use?

Answer 37

Destructive enzymes (toxic parasite product)

Question 38

African trypanosomes, malaria use?

Answer 38

Endotoxins (toxic parasite product)

Question 39

Tick paralysis comes from _____ ______ by the tick?

Answer 39

toxic secretions (toxic parasite product)

Question 40

Parasitic infections can lead to loss of?

Answer 40

Nutrients by the host because they are in competition with host for nutrients like with the fish tapeworm

Question 41

Giardia duodenalis and Stronglyodies stercoralis interfere with?

Answer 41

Nutrient absorption

Question 42

Hookworms cause?

Answer 42

iron loss and nutrient loss

Question 43

In definitive host, adult worms do or do not multiply?

Answer 43

Do not (the reproduce eggs but do not multiply themselves)