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RUSVM PID Exam#1 (Orange semester Fall 2016) > PID Overview Lecture > Flashcards

PID Overview Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The study of defense against disease

A

Immunology

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2
Q

Infectious diseases are caused by?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites

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3
Q

The study of how microorganisms spread?

A

Epidemiology

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4
Q

Zoonotic diseases focus on?

A

food animal infections

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5
Q

Contains no symptoms?

A

Carrier

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6
Q

These “_______________” are everywhere!

  • On you
  • In you
  • Next to you

Part of life and the whole ecosystem
(We cannot live without them)

A

Micro-organisms

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7
Q

Type of micro-org. that lives in hot water springs, antarctic cold, and the deep sea?

A

Extremophiles

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8
Q

No importance for animals and disease, still part of the ecosystem?

A

Free living bacteria

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9
Q

Micro organisms that NEED a host to survive

A

Obligate symbionts

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10
Q

Species that live together by choice.

A

Facultative symbionts

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11
Q

Cause no harm in “normal” conditons?

A

Non-pathogenic

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12
Q

Can cause disease if conditons are stressful but in normal environment it causes no harm (Skin flora)

A

Facultative pathogenic

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13
Q

An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.

A

Endogenic infection

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14
Q

Disease can occur when microbes included in normal bacteria flora enter a sterile area of the body such as the brain or muscle.

A

Exogenic infection

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15
Q

are those bacteria that must cause disease in order to be transmitted from one host to another. These bacteria must also infect a host in order to survive, in contrast to other bacteria that are capable of survival outside of a host.

A

Obligate pathogenic

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16
Q
  • pathogen does not want to kill its host before the pathogen can replicate and spread to new host
  • evolve to reduce virulence

(generally don’t need treatment)

A

Balanced pathogenicity

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17
Q

-normal conditions of the pathogen have changed in some way and establishes in an un-natural host (man instead of animal), pathogen does want to kill/harm its host while the pathogen can replicate. Causes high damage/death

A

Unbalanced pathogenicity

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18
Q

Invasion and multiplication of micro organism, eventually with disease (but does not always mean disease)

A

Infection

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19
Q

Causes structural and functional damage of the organism

A

Disease

20
Q

disease that has no recognizable clinical findings, “Don’t really feel well but not truly sick”

A

Subclinical disease

21
Q

a disease that will most often make you sick given the “opportunity” of a damaged or weakened immune system. Need precondition before disease actually shows

A

Opportunistic Disease

22
Q

is the presence of disease-causing bacteria in the blood

A

Septicaemiae disease

23
Q

is the presence of bacteria in the blood.

A

Bacteraemia

24
Q

brief and severe disease where it’s too late when you actually can see issues with the animals, the farmer may walk out to see sick and dead animals (pneumonia)

A

Hyperacute

25
Q

conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. “the animal doesn’t feel well one day, next day they REALLY DON’T feel well) Animal got sick all of a sudden

A

Acute

26
Q

A vaguely defined state that is clearly not acute, but rather between acute and chronic. A long term condition that happens over time.

A

Subacute

27
Q

disease lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. “Hard to cure, hide in white blood cells”

A

Chronic

28
Q

You cannot treat toxins with these?

A

Antibiotics

29
Q

Minority of micro-organisms cause_______?

A

Disease

30
Q

Esherichia coli is carried in the intestines of older pigs and in poultry. Staphylococcus aureus causes mastitis, skin infections, septicaemiae. What types of pathogens are these?

A

Facultative pathogen

31
Q

What are the 3 kingdom classifications (domain)?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya

(these 3 make up Procaryota)

-Eukarya are made up by
protozoa
plantae
animalia
chromista
fungi
32
Q

Size of Bacteria

A

< 5 um

33
Q

Do bacteria have a membrane bound organelle

A

Absent (invaginations of the plasma membrane)

34
Q

About how many ribosomes do bacteria have?

A

70 ribosomes

35
Q

Describe the nucleic acid of bacteria?

A

single molecule (circular)

36
Q

Do bacteria have a nuclear membrane?

A

(No) Absent in bacteria

37
Q

How do bacteria replicate?

A

Binary fission

38
Q

What size are eukaryotes?

A

> 10 um

39
Q

Do eukaryotes have a membrane bound organelle?

A

Present in eukaryotes (mitochondria and chloroplasts)

40
Q

How many ribosomes do eukaryotes have?

A

80s ribosomes

41
Q

Describe the nucleic acid of eukaryotes (what it’s made up of)?

A

Chromosomes

42
Q

Is there a nuclear membrane in eukaryotes?

A

Present in eukaryotes

43
Q

How to eukaryotes replicate?

A

Mitosis

44
Q

Spirochetes like Leptospira are an example of gram ________ bacteria?

A

Gram-negative

45
Q

Actinomycetes and Mycoplasma are types of gram ________ bacteria?

A

Gram-positive

46
Q

What came first, bacteria or viruses?

A

Bacteria came first which makes sense because viruses would need a host to replicate.

RUSVM PID Exam#1 (Orange semester Fall 2016) (7 decks)

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