PID Overview Lecture Flashcards
The study of defense against disease
Immunology
Infectious diseases are caused by?
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
The study of how microorganisms spread?
Epidemiology
Zoonotic diseases focus on?
food animal infections
Contains no symptoms?
Carrier
These “_______________” are everywhere!
- On you
- In you
- Next to you
Part of life and the whole ecosystem
(We cannot live without them)
Micro-organisms
Type of micro-org. that lives in hot water springs, antarctic cold, and the deep sea?
Extremophiles
No importance for animals and disease, still part of the ecosystem?
Free living bacteria
Micro organisms that NEED a host to survive
Obligate symbionts
Species that live together by choice.
Facultative symbionts
Cause no harm in “normal” conditons?
Non-pathogenic
Can cause disease if conditons are stressful but in normal environment it causes no harm (Skin flora)
Facultative pathogenic
An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.
Endogenic infection
Disease can occur when microbes included in normal bacteria flora enter a sterile area of the body such as the brain or muscle.
Exogenic infection
are those bacteria that must cause disease in order to be transmitted from one host to another. These bacteria must also infect a host in order to survive, in contrast to other bacteria that are capable of survival outside of a host.
Obligate pathogenic
- pathogen does not want to kill its host before the pathogen can replicate and spread to new host
- evolve to reduce virulence
(generally don’t need treatment)
Balanced pathogenicity
-normal conditions of the pathogen have changed in some way and establishes in an un-natural host (man instead of animal), pathogen does want to kill/harm its host while the pathogen can replicate. Causes high damage/death
Unbalanced pathogenicity
Invasion and multiplication of micro organism, eventually with disease (but does not always mean disease)
Infection
Causes structural and functional damage of the organism
Disease
disease that has no recognizable clinical findings, “Don’t really feel well but not truly sick”
Subclinical disease
a disease that will most often make you sick given the “opportunity” of a damaged or weakened immune system. Need precondition before disease actually shows
Opportunistic Disease
is the presence of disease-causing bacteria in the blood
Septicaemiae disease
is the presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteraemia
brief and severe disease where it’s too late when you actually can see issues with the animals, the farmer may walk out to see sick and dead animals (pneumonia)
Hyperacute
conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. “the animal doesn’t feel well one day, next day they REALLY DON’T feel well) Animal got sick all of a sudden
Acute
A vaguely defined state that is clearly not acute, but rather between acute and chronic. A long term condition that happens over time.
Subacute
disease lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. “Hard to cure, hide in white blood cells”
Chronic
You cannot treat toxins with these?
Antibiotics
Minority of micro-organisms cause_______?
Disease
Esherichia coli is carried in the intestines of older pigs and in poultry. Staphylococcus aureus causes mastitis, skin infections, septicaemiae. What types of pathogens are these?
Facultative pathogen
What are the 3 kingdom classifications (domain)?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
(these 3 make up Procaryota)
-Eukarya are made up by protozoa plantae animalia chromista fungi
Size of Bacteria
< 5 um
Do bacteria have a membrane bound organelle
Absent (invaginations of the plasma membrane)
About how many ribosomes do bacteria have?
70 ribosomes
Describe the nucleic acid of bacteria?
single molecule (circular)
Do bacteria have a nuclear membrane?
(No) Absent in bacteria
How do bacteria replicate?
Binary fission
What size are eukaryotes?
> 10 um
Do eukaryotes have a membrane bound organelle?
Present in eukaryotes (mitochondria and chloroplasts)
How many ribosomes do eukaryotes have?
80s ribosomes
Describe the nucleic acid of eukaryotes (what it’s made up of)?
Chromosomes
Is there a nuclear membrane in eukaryotes?
Present in eukaryotes
How to eukaryotes replicate?
Mitosis
Spirochetes like Leptospira are an example of gram ________ bacteria?
Gram-negative
Actinomycetes and Mycoplasma are types of gram ________ bacteria?
Gram-positive
What came first, bacteria or viruses?
Bacteria came first which makes sense because viruses would need a host to replicate.
