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Ethics Midterms > Virtue Ethics > Flashcards

Virtue Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Identification

He identifies knowledge with virtue. If
knowledge can be learned, so can virtue.

A

Socrates

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2
Q

Identification

A philosopher and natural scientist who
eventually shared the distinction of being most famous of an ancient philosopher with Socrates and Plato.

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Identification

A students and disciple of Socrates; the most admired and patronized Greek philosopher; teacher of Aristotle.

A

Plato

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4
Q

Identification

An Italian philosopher and theologian that revived, enhanced, and christianized the Greek virtue ethics.

A

Thomas Aquinas

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5
Q

Identification

It is a moral philosophy that teaches that an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person would perform in the same situations.

A

Virtue Ethics

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6
Q

True or False

According to the theory, a virtuous person is someone who acts virtuously and people act virtuously if the possess and live the virtues.

A

True

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7
Q

Identification

It is a moral characteristic that an individual needs to live well.

A

Virtue

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8
Q

Identification

It is a freely chosen character traits that people praise in others.

A

Virtue

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9
Q

Identification

It emphasizes on developing good habits of character and avoiding bad.

A

Virtue

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10
Q

Identification

It focuses on the character of the agents and describes right actions as those chosen and performed by suitably virtuous person.

A

Virtue

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11
Q

Identification

It defines a moral person as someone who develops the virtues and unfailingly displays the over time.

A

Virtue

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12
Q

Identification

According to Aristotle, if our answer to this question is
that ‘I should be a virtuous person, ’we tend to behave in a virtuous manner, and eventually take the virtuous decisions and lead a moral life. “The virtue ethics theory is majorly based on the idea that if you are a good person, you will do good things, and to be good, you must do good things” (Pallock, 2007).

A

Virtue

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13
Q

Identification

The one who has demonstrated good character or behaviour throughout his life will automatically do the good act. This theory also emphasizes that “An action is right if and only if a virtuous agent would perform in the circumstances.” (Oakley, 1996, p.129).

A

Virtue

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14
Q

True or False

The virtue ethics at the workplace does consider the work behavior of an individual, in fact, it focuses on the character of the individual.

A

False

The virtue ethics at the workplace does NOT consider the work behavior of an individual, in fact, it focuses on the character of the individual.

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15
Q

True or False

Aristotle and other virtue ethicists believe that people spend their lives trying to develop their capabilities to their fullest potential.

A

True

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16
Q

Enumeration

What are the four cardinal values?

A
  1. Wisdom
  2. Courage
  3. Moderation
  4. Justice
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17
Q

Identification

Also known as prudence

A

Wisdom

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18
Q

Identification

It is the capacity to make sensible decisions and judgments based on personal knowledge or experience.

A

Wisdom

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19
Q

Identification

It is the ability to recognize, differentiate and choose between right and wrong.

A

Wisdom

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20
Q

Identification

It is deemed the most essential of the four virtues.

A

Wisdom

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21
Q

Identification

Also known as fortitude

A

Courage

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22
Q

Identification

It is the ability to confront fear, intimidation, danger, difficulty and uncertainty.

A

Courage

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23
Q

Identification

It is the ability to face a challenge without cowardice.

A

Courage

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24
Q

Identification

Also known as temperance

A

Moderation

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25
Q

Identification

It is the quality of practicing self-restraint and self-control.

A

Moderation

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26
Q

Identification

It is the quality of being fair and
reasonable, particularly in how decisions are made and the way people are treated.

A

Justice

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27
Q

Enumeration

What are the Christian teaching values? (4)

A

Faith
Hope
Clarity
Love

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28
Q

Enumeration

What are Humanity’s Virtues? (7)

A

Grace
Mercy
Forgiveness
Honor
Restraint
Reasonableness
Solidarity

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29
Q

Identification

A Detailed Study of Virtue (written by Plato)

A

Gorgias

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30
Q

Identification

Thomas Aquinas said, “Pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart from one another, while good and evil do.”

A

False

SOCRATES said, “Pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart from one another, while good and evil do.”

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31
Q

Identification

These are the “Good Standards”

A

Moral Acts

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32
Q

Identification

These are “evil standards”

A

Immoral Acts

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33
Q

True or False

Socrates asked Euthyphro, “Is something good because the gods love it, or do the gods love it because it is good?”

A

True

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34
Q

Identification

written by Plato that is related to ethics

A

Euthyphro Dilemma

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35
Q

Identification

Everything in the material world is what it is by virtue of its resemblance to, (in participation in), this universal “form” or “idea”. These unchanging independent forms are like ideal and stable models of the ordinary observable objects.

A

Plato’s Theory of Forms

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36
Q

True or False

Since everything in the perceptible realm participates in independent and perfect forms, there is also a form of even for moral predicates,
such as justice and happiness.

A

True

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37
Q

True or False

THE HIGHEST OF ALL FORMS IS THE FORM OF THE GOOD

A

True

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38
Q

Identification

Type of action that comprehend the good

A

Good Actions

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39
Q

Identification

Type of action that is not knowing the good

A

Bad Actions

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40
Q

Identification

___ is regarded as knowledge and can betaught.

A

Virtue

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41
Q

Identification

It is considered as the source of guidance in moral decision making.

A

Knowledge of the Good

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42
Q

Identification

It is a major treatise on moral philosophy whose central concern is what makes life worth living.

A

Eudemian Ethics

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43
Q

Identification

A thing is good when it fulfills its characteristic’s function well.

A

Nicomachean Ethics

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44
Q

Enumeration

What are the 2 of Aristotle’s works specifically concern morality?

A

Eudemian Ethics
Nicomachean Ethics

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45
Q

Identification

when someone acts in line with his nature or end and thus realizes his full potential, he does moral and will be happy

A

Self-realization

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46
Q

Identification

it focuses on eudaimonia or happiness, or the good for man and how to obtain it.

A

Eudaimonistic

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47
Q

Identification

Act-oriented ethics focused mainly on what we should do, what we should be and the character or person we should struggle to be

A

Aretic

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48
Q

Identification

defined as an end or purpose

A

Telos

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49
Q

True or False

Socrates believes that the essence or essential nature of beings, including humans, lay not at their cause or beginning but at their ‘telos’, their end or purpose.

A

False

ARISTOTLE believes that the essence or essential nature of beings, including humans, lay not at their cause or beginning but at their ‘telos’, their end or purpose.

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50
Q

True or False

Aristotle’s telos agrees with Plato’s belief

A

False

Did not agree with Plato’s belief

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51
Q

True or False

The essence or ‘telos’ of ‘human being’ is rationality and, thus, life contemplation is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.

A

True

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52
Q

True or False

Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics states that “All humans seek happiness, but in different ways. True happiness is tied to the ‘telos’ of human life. The essence of human beings is reason. Reason employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues (courage, temperance, justice and prudence) and intellectual virtues (science, art, practical wisdom, theoretical wisdom)”.

A

True

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53
Q

True or False

Plato believes in the excellence of philosophical contemplation and virtuous actions stemming from virtuous persons

A

False

ARISTOTLE believes in the excellence of philosophical contemplation and virtuous actions stemming from virtuous persons

54
Q

Identification

The thing that distinguishes humans from all other creatures is the rational nature or the ability to reason

A

Human Nature

55
Q

Enumeration

What are the three natures of man?

A

vegetable (physical)
animal (emotional)
rational (mental)

56
Q

True or False

Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is self-realization. This entails achieving one’s natural purpose by functioning or living consistently with human nature. Accomplishing it, in turn, produces happiness.

A

True

57
Q

True or False

Rational development is deemed the most important, as it is uniquely human.

A

True

58
Q

Identification

It is viewed as vital in self-realization or developing one’s potential.

A

Living in accordance with reason

59
Q

Identification

It is the awareness of our nature and the development of our potentials is the key to human happiness.

A

Self-realization

60
Q

Identification

It is the inquiry into the human good.

A

Ethics

61
Q

Identification

The purpose of studying ethics is to make ourselves good, though Aristotle assumes that we already want to become good.

A

eudaimonia or happiness

62
Q

Identification

the greatest good of all human life

A

SUMMUM BONUM

63
Q

Identification

he good that is pursued for its own sake

A

Intrinsic Good

64
Q

Identification

is the activity of the soul in accordance with excellence or virtue

A

Human Good

65
Q

Identification

is attained by the habitual practice of moral and intellectual excellences, or ‘virtues’

A

Fluorishing

66
Q

Identification

refers to moral virtue; An active state, a condition in which something must actively hold itself

A

Hexis

67
Q

Identification

is the only practical road to effective action

A

Moral Virtue

68
Q

Identification

is an expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices, hence is also called virtue of character

A

Moral Virtue

69
Q

Identification

follow from our nature as rational beings, they are the traits or characteristics that enable us to act according to reason

A

Moral Virtue

70
Q

Identification

moral virtue between the two less desirable extremes.

A

Golden Mean

71
Q

Identification

(between cowardice and tactless rashness)

A

Courage

72
Q

Identification

(between gluttony and extreme frugality)

A

Temperance

73
Q

Identification

is the virtue of giving others right what they deserve, neither more or less

A

Justice

74
Q

Identification

What helps us to know what is just and enables us to keep away from
excess and defect

A

Prudence

75
Q

Identification

is a grasp of the appropriate way to respond - to feel and act - in particular situation

A

Phronesis or practical wisdom

76
Q

True or False

Phronesis is the kind of moral knowledge which guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral virtue.

A

True

77
Q

True or False

To be virtuous one must perform the actions that habitually bring virtue.

A

True

78
Q

True or False

To be virtuous one must perform the actions that habitually bring virtue.

A

True

79
Q

Identification

It comprises imitation, internalization, and practice until it becomes normal.

A

Moral Education

80
Q

Identification

His philosophical method is always ethical

A

Socrates

81
Q

Identification

Believed that if one knows what the good is, one
will always do what is good.

A

Socrates

82
Q

Identification

He states that if one truly understands the meaning of
courage, self-control, or justice, one will act in a courageous, self-controlled and just manner.

A

Socrates

83
Q

Identification

he maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic conception of ethics

A

Plato

84
Q

Identification

He termed happiness or well-being (eudaimonia)

A

Plato

85
Q

Identification

He stated that in ethics and moral psychology, he developed the
view that the good life requires not just a certain kind of knowledge.

A

Plato

86
Q

Identification

He follows Socrates and Plato in taking the
virtues to be central to a well-lived life.

A

Aristotle

87
Q

Identification

He regards the ethical virtues as complex rational, emotional and social skills.

A

Aristotle

88
Q

Identification

He rejects Plato’s idea

A

Aristotle

89
Q

Identification

Focuses on virtue, recommending the virtuous way of life by its relation to happiness.

A

Aristotle

90
Q

Identification

Angelic Doctor & Prince of Scholastics

A

Thomas Aquinas

91
Q

Identification

Italian philosopher and theologian in medieval time.

A

Thomas Aquinas

92
Q

Identification

“Believes that all actions are directed towards ends and that is happiness is the final end.”

A

Thomas Aquinas

93
Q

Identification

“Happiness consists in activities in accordance with virtue.”

A

Thomas Aquinas

94
Q

Identification

“True happiness is to be found only in the souls of the blessed in heaven.”

A

Thomas Aquinas

95
Q

Identification

His ethics heavily depend on Aristotle

A

Thomas Aquinas

96
Q

Identification

The rational plan of God by which all creation is ordered.

A

Eternal law

97
Q

Identification

It is the rational pattern of the universe that exists into God’s mind that directs everything in the universe to its appointed end.

A

Eternal Law

98
Q

Identification

“Everything in the universe is subject”

A

Eternal Law

99
Q

Identification

Accessible to human reason

A

Natural Law

100
Q

Identification

Relates to human conduct in which the ordinance
of natural reason is for the common good.

A

Natural Law

101
Q

Identification

“People are subject by their nature ordering them to do good and avoid evil.”

A

Natural Law

102
Q

Identification

Refers to positive laws

A

Human Law

103
Q

Identification

Spell out what the natural laws prescribe as it
gives precise and positive rules into the society such as civil and criminal laws formulated through practical reason and moral laws.

A

Human Law

104
Q

Identification

”Human laws that are against natural law are not real laws, and people are not obliged to obey unjust laws.”

A

Human Law

105
Q

Identification

Law of revelation

A

Divine Law

106
Q

Identification

Disclosed through the sacred text or Scriptures and the Church directed towards the man’s eternal end.

A

Divine Law

107
Q

Identification

“Focused on how man can be inwardly holy and eventually attain salvation”

A

Divine Law

108
Q

Enumeration

Enumerate the three sets of inclinations

A
  1. To survive
  2. To reproduce and educate offspring
  3. To know the truth about God and to live
109
Q

Identification

The action referring to its kind or simply the object of the action known as the human deeds which are divided into 3 aspects which are good, neutral, bad.

A

Species

110
Q

Identification

The action made referring to the circumstances.

A

Accidents

111
Q

Identification

“In ethically evaluating action, where action takes place is also considered as an act might be flawed through its circumstances. “

A

Accidents

112
Q

Identification

The intention of the action.

A

End

113
Q

Identification

“To intend to direct oneself against a good is clearly immoral”

A

End

114
Q

True or False

Aquinas believes that all actions are directed towards ends and that is happiness.

A

True

115
Q

Identifiction

“_______ is not equated with pleasure, material possessions, honor, or any sensual good, but consists in activities in accordance
with virtue.”

A

Happiness

116
Q

Identification

Involve in consistent deliberate effort to do an act time and again and despite obstructions.

A

Acquired Habits

117
Q

Identification

Independent of this process as they are directly instilled by God in our faculties.

A

Infused Habits

118
Q

Enumeration

Enumerate the two kinds of Infused Habits

A

Moral Virtues
Theological Virtues

119
Q

Identification

Action that promotes individual and collective well-being concerning with practical life, have as their object not God himself.

A

Moral Virtue

120
Q

Identification

Action that promotes individual and collective well-being concerning with practical life, have as their object not God himself.

A

Theological Virtue

121
Q

True or False

What matters in morality is not what you do, but your intention in doing the act.

A

True

122
Q

True or False

Thomistic Ethics falls into just one neat contemporary category of moral theory.

A

False

Thomistic Ethics does not fall into just one neat contemporary category of moral theory.

123
Q

True or False

Aquinas is more of a deontologist or Kantian than a utilitarian.

A

True

124
Q

Identification

He is a virtue ethicist, like Aristotle

A

Thomas Aquinas

125
Q

Identification

He rejects the belief that there are no universally true general principles of morality.

A

Thomas Aquinas

126
Q

Identification

He is against some contemporary moral philosophies due to his notion of the Natural Law (Moral Law = do good, avoid evil).

A

Thomas Aquinas

127
Q

True or False

Aquinas believes that some basic principles about morality are knowable by all, which makes him against absolute skepticism about value.

A

True

128
Q

Identification

He promotes Aristotle’s positive depictions of the world as rational, humane, and ordered

A

Thomas Aquinas

129
Q

Identification

He is more inclined to view earthly happiness as also desirable, but insofar as those present goods are directed towards and subordinated to the realization of everlasting ones in heaven

A

Thomas Aquinas

130
Q

True or False

Institutions should advocate the production of weapons or abuse of human beings by others

A

False

no institutions should advocate the production of weapons or abuse of human beings by others

131
Q

True or False

governments should uphold endeavors that intend to produce advantageous outcomes

A

True

Ethics Midterms (6 decks)

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