Virtue Ethics Flashcards
1
Q
Identification
He identifies knowledge with virtue. If
knowledge can be learned, so can virtue.
A
Socrates
2
Q
Identification
A philosopher and natural scientist who
eventually shared the distinction of being most famous of an ancient philosopher with Socrates and Plato.
A
Aristotle
3
Q
Identification
A students and disciple of Socrates; the most admired and patronized Greek philosopher; teacher of Aristotle.
A
Plato
4
Q
Identification
An Italian philosopher and theologian that revived, enhanced, and christianized the Greek virtue ethics.
A
Thomas Aquinas
5
Q
Identification
It is a moral philosophy that teaches that an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person would perform in the same situations.
A
Virtue Ethics
6
Q
True or False
According to the theory, a virtuous person is someone who acts virtuously and people act virtuously if the possess and live the virtues.
A
True
7
Q
Identification
It is a moral characteristic that an individual needs to live well.
A
Virtue
8
Q
Identification
It is a freely chosen character traits that people praise in others.
A
Virtue
9
Q
Identification
It emphasizes on developing good habits of character and avoiding bad.
A
Virtue
10
Q
Identification
It focuses on the character of the agents and describes right actions as those chosen and performed by suitably virtuous person.
A
Virtue
11
Q
Identification
It defines a moral person as someone who develops the virtues and unfailingly displays the over time.
A
Virtue
12
Q
Identification
According to Aristotle, if our answer to this question is
that ‘I should be a virtuous person, ’we tend to behave in a virtuous manner, and eventually take the virtuous decisions and lead a moral life. “The virtue ethics theory is majorly based on the idea that if you are a good person, you will do good things, and to be good, you must do good things” (Pallock, 2007).
A
Virtue
13
Q
Identification
The one who has demonstrated good character or behaviour throughout his life will automatically do the good act. This theory also emphasizes that “An action is right if and only if a virtuous agent would perform in the circumstances.” (Oakley, 1996, p.129).
A
Virtue
14
Q
True or False
The virtue ethics at the workplace does consider the work behavior of an individual, in fact, it focuses on the character of the individual.
A
False
The virtue ethics at the workplace does NOT consider the work behavior of an individual, in fact, it focuses on the character of the individual.
15
Q
True or False
Aristotle and other virtue ethicists believe that people spend their lives trying to develop their capabilities to their fullest potential.
A
True
16
Q
Enumeration
What are the four cardinal values?
A
- Wisdom
- Courage
- Moderation
- Justice
17
Q
Identification
Also known as prudence
A
Wisdom
18
Q
Identification
It is the capacity to make sensible decisions and judgments based on personal knowledge or experience.
A
Wisdom
19
Q
Identification
It is the ability to recognize, differentiate and choose between right and wrong.
A
Wisdom
20
Q
Identification
It is deemed the most essential of the four virtues.
A
Wisdom
21
Q
Identification
Also known as fortitude
A
Courage
22
Q
Identification
It is the ability to confront fear, intimidation, danger, difficulty and uncertainty.
A
Courage
23
Q
Identification
It is the ability to face a challenge without cowardice.
A
Courage
24
Q
Identification
Also known as temperance
A
Moderation
25
Identification
It is the quality of practicing self-restraint and self-control.
Moderation
26
Identification
It is the quality of being fair and
reasonable, particularly in how decisions are made and the way people are treated.
Justice
27
Enumeration
What are the Christian teaching values? (4)
Faith
Hope
Clarity
Love
28
Enumeration
What are Humanity's Virtues? (7)
Grace
Mercy
Forgiveness
Honor
Restraint
Reasonableness
Solidarity
29
Identification
A Detailed Study of Virtue (written by Plato)
Gorgias
30
Identification
Thomas Aquinas said, "Pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart from one another, while good and evil do.”
False
SOCRATES said, "Pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart from one another, while good and evil do.”
31
Identification
These are the "Good Standards"
Moral Acts
32
Identification
These are "evil standards"
Immoral Acts
33
True or False
Socrates asked Euthyphro, "Is something good because the gods love it, or do the gods love it because it is good?"
True
34
Identification
written by Plato that is related to ethics
Euthyphro Dilemma
35
Identification
Everything in the material world is what it is by virtue of its resemblance to, (in participation in), this universal "form" or "idea". These unchanging independent forms are like ideal and stable models of the ordinary observable objects.
Plato’s Theory of Forms
36
True or False
Since everything in the perceptible realm participates in independent and perfect forms, there is also a form of even for moral predicates,
such as justice and happiness.
True
37
True or False
THE HIGHEST OF ALL FORMS IS THE FORM OF THE GOOD
True
38
Identification
Type of action that comprehend the good
Good Actions
39
Identification
Type of action that is not knowing the good
Bad Actions
40
Identification
___ is regarded as knowledge and can betaught.
Virtue
41
Identification
It is considered as the source of guidance in moral decision making.
Knowledge of the Good
42
Identification
It is a major treatise on moral philosophy whose central concern is what makes life worth living.
Eudemian Ethics
43
Identification
A thing is good when it fulfills its characteristic's function well.
Nicomachean Ethics
44
Enumeration
What are the 2 of Aristotle’s works specifically concern morality?
Eudemian Ethics
Nicomachean Ethics
45
Identification
when someone acts in line with his nature or end and thus realizes his full potential, he does moral and will be happy
Self-realization
46
Identification
it focuses on eudaimonia or happiness, or the good for man and how to obtain it.
Eudaimonistic
47
Identification
Act-oriented ethics focused mainly on what we should do, what we should be and the character or person we should struggle to be
Aretic
48
Identification
defined as an end or purpose
Telos
49
True or False
Socrates believes that the essence or essential nature of beings, including humans, lay not at their cause or beginning but at their 'telos’, their end or purpose.
False
ARISTOTLE believes that the essence or essential nature of beings, including humans, lay not at their cause or beginning but at their 'telos’, their end or purpose.
50
True or False
Aristotle's telos agrees with Plato's belief
False
Did not agree with Plato’s belief
51
True or False
The essence or ‘telos’ of ‘human being’ is rationality and, thus, life contemplation is the best kind of life for true human flourishing.
True
52
True or False
Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics states that "All humans seek happiness, but in different ways. True happiness is tied to the 'telos' of human life. The essence of human beings is reason. Reason employed in achieving happiness leads to moral virtues (courage, temperance, justice and prudence) and intellectual virtues (science, art, practical wisdom, theoretical wisdom)".
True
53
True or False
Plato believes in the excellence of philosophical contemplation and virtuous actions stemming from virtuous persons
False
ARISTOTLE believes in the excellence of philosophical contemplation and virtuous actions stemming from virtuous persons
54
Identification
The thing that distinguishes humans from all other creatures is the rational nature or the ability to reason
Human Nature
55
Enumeration
What are the three natures of man?
vegetable (physical)
animal (emotional)
rational (mental)
56
True or False
Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is self-realization. This entails achieving one's natural purpose by functioning or living consistently with human nature. Accomplishing it, in turn, produces happiness.
True
57
True or False
Rational development is deemed the most important, as it is uniquely human.
True
58
Identification
It is viewed as vital in self-realization or developing one’s potential.
Living in accordance with reason
59
Identification
It is the awareness of our nature and the development of our potentials is the key to human happiness.
Self-realization
60
Identification
It is the inquiry into the human good.
Ethics
61
Identification
The purpose of studying ethics is to make ourselves good, though Aristotle assumes that we already want to become good.
eudaimonia or happiness
62
Identification
the greatest good of all human life
SUMMUM BONUM
63
Identification
he good that is pursued for its own sake
Intrinsic Good
64
Identification
is the activity of the soul in accordance with excellence or virtue
Human Good
65
Identification
is attained by the habitual practice of moral and intellectual excellences, or 'virtues'
Fluorishing
66
Identification
refers to moral virtue; An active state, a condition in which something must actively hold itself
Hexis
67
Identification
is the only practical road to effective action
Moral Virtue
68
Identification
is an expression of character, formed by habits reflecting repeated choices, hence is also called virtue of character
Moral Virtue
69
Identification
follow from our nature as rational beings, they are the traits or characteristics that enable us to act according to reason
Moral Virtue
70
Identification
moral virtue between the two less desirable extremes.
Golden Mean
71
Identification
(between cowardice and tactless rashness)
Courage
72
Identification
(between gluttony and extreme frugality)
Temperance
73
Identification
is the virtue of giving others right what they deserve, neither more or less
Justice
74
Identification
What helps us to know what is just and enables us to keep away from
excess and defect
Prudence
75
Identification
is a grasp of the appropriate way to respond - to feel and act - in particular situation
Phronesis or practical wisdom
76
True or False
Phronesis is the kind of moral knowledge which guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral virtue.
True
77
True or False
To be virtuous one must perform the actions that habitually bring virtue.
True
78
True or False
To be virtuous one must perform the actions that habitually bring virtue.
True
79
Identification
It comprises imitation, internalization, and practice until it becomes normal.
Moral Education
80
Identification
His philosophical method is always ethical
Socrates
81
Identification
Believed that if one knows what the good is, one
will always do what is good.
Socrates
82
Identification
He states that if one truly understands the meaning of
courage, self-control, or justice, one will act in a courageous, self-controlled and just manner.
Socrates
83
Identification
he maintains a virtue-based eudaemonistic conception of ethics
Plato
84
Identification
He termed happiness or well-being (eudaimonia)
Plato
85
Identification
He stated that in ethics and moral psychology, he developed the
view that the good life requires not just a certain kind of knowledge.
Plato
86
Identification
He follows Socrates and Plato in taking the
virtues to be central to a well-lived life.
Aristotle
87
Identification
He regards the ethical virtues as complex rational, emotional and social skills.
Aristotle
88
Identification
He rejects Plato's idea
Aristotle
89
Identification
Focuses on virtue, recommending the virtuous way of life by its relation to happiness.
Aristotle
90
Identification
Angelic Doctor & Prince of Scholastics
Thomas Aquinas
91
Identification
Italian philosopher and theologian in medieval time.
Thomas Aquinas
92
Identification
“Believes that all actions are directed towards ends and that is happiness is the final end.”
Thomas Aquinas
93
Identification
“Happiness consists in activities in accordance with virtue.”
Thomas Aquinas
94
Identification
“True happiness is to be found only in the souls of the blessed in heaven."
Thomas Aquinas
95
Identification
His ethics heavily depend on Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas
96
Identification
The rational plan of God by which all creation is ordered.
Eternal law
97
Identification
It is the rational pattern of the universe that exists into God’s mind that directs everything in the universe to its appointed end.
Eternal Law
98
Identification
“Everything in the universe is subject”
Eternal Law
99
Identification
Accessible to human reason
Natural Law
100
Identification
Relates to human conduct in which the ordinance
of natural reason is for the common good.
Natural Law
101
Identification
“People are subject by their nature ordering them to do good and avoid evil.”
Natural Law
102
Identification
Refers to positive laws
Human Law
103
Identification
Spell out what the natural laws prescribe as it
gives precise and positive rules into the society such as civil and criminal laws formulated through practical reason and moral laws.
Human Law
104
Identification
”Human laws that are against natural law are not real laws, and people are not obliged to obey unjust laws.”
Human Law
105
Identification
Law of revelation
Divine Law
106
Identification
Disclosed through the sacred text or Scriptures and the Church directed towards the man’s eternal end.
Divine Law
107
Identification
“Focused on how man can be inwardly holy and eventually attain salvation”
Divine Law
108
Enumeration
Enumerate the three sets of inclinations
1. To survive
2. To reproduce and educate offspring
3. To know the truth about God and to live
109
Identification
The action referring to its kind or simply the object of the action known as the human deeds which are divided into 3 aspects which are good, neutral, bad.
Species
110
Identification
The action made referring to the circumstances.
Accidents
111
Identification
“In ethically evaluating action, where action takes place is also considered as an act might be flawed through its circumstances. “
Accidents
112
Identification
The intention of the action.
End
113
Identification
“To intend to direct oneself against a good is clearly immoral”
End
114
True or False
Aquinas believes that all actions are directed towards ends and that is happiness.
True
115
Identifiction
“_______ is not equated with pleasure, material possessions, honor, or any sensual good, but consists in activities in accordance
with virtue.”
Happiness
116
Identification
Involve in consistent deliberate effort to do an act time and again and despite obstructions.
Acquired Habits
117
Identification
Independent of this process as they are directly instilled by God in our faculties.
Infused Habits
118
Enumeration
Enumerate the two kinds of Infused Habits
Moral Virtues
Theological Virtues
119
Identification
Action that promotes individual and collective well-being concerning with practical life, have as their object not God himself.
Moral Virtue
120
Identification
Action that promotes individual and collective well-being concerning with practical life, have as their object not God himself.
Theological Virtue
121
True or False
What matters in morality is not what you do, but your intention in doing the act.
True
122
True or False
Thomistic Ethics falls into just one neat contemporary category of moral theory.
False
Thomistic Ethics does not fall into just one neat contemporary category of moral theory.
123
True or False
Aquinas is more of a deontologist or Kantian than a utilitarian.
True
124
Identification
He is a virtue ethicist, like Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas
125
Identification
He rejects the belief that there are no universally true general principles of morality.
Thomas Aquinas
126
Identification
He is against some contemporary moral philosophies due to his notion of the Natural Law (Moral Law = do good, avoid evil).
Thomas Aquinas
127
True or False
Aquinas believes that some basic principles about morality are knowable by all, which makes him against absolute skepticism about value.
True
128
Identification
He promotes Aristotle's positive depictions of the world as rational, humane, and ordered
Thomas Aquinas
129
Identification
He is more inclined to view earthly happiness as also desirable, but insofar as those present goods are directed towards and subordinated to the realization of everlasting ones in heaven
Thomas Aquinas
130
True or False
Institutions should advocate the production of weapons or abuse of human beings by others
False
no institutions should advocate the production of weapons or abuse of human beings by others
131
True or False
governments should uphold endeavors that intend to produce advantageous outcomes
True
