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Ethics Midterms > Kant and Rights Theory > Flashcards

Kant and Rights Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Identification

a German thinker regarded by many as the most significant philosopher in the modern era

A

Immanuel Kant

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2
Q

Identification

his major contributions to ethics can be found in his two works:
(1) The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals
(2) Critique of Practical Reason

A

Immanuel Kant

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3
Q

Enumeration

Two works of Immanueal Kant

A

(1) The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals
(2) Critique of Practical Reason

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4
Q

Identification

He categorically rejects that ethical judgements are based on feelings

A

Immanuel Kant

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5
Q

Identification

For him, feelings even serve as obstructions to our discernment of right and wrong

A

Immanuel Kant

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6
Q

Identification

His ethical theory instead bases on moral judgements on reason alone

A

Immanuel Kant

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7
Q

Identification

For Kant, __ is what deems an action ethical or otherwise

A

Reason

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8
Q

Identification

An act either accords with reason or it does not; if
it accords with reason, we must do it, if not we
must avoid it

A

Good will

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9
Q

True or False

Kant believes that one of the functions and
capacities of our reason is to produce a will which is good not as a means to some further end, but good in itself

A

True

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10
Q

Identification

is the highest good and the condition of all other goods

A

Good will

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11
Q

True or False

Aquinas teaches that only good will is intrinsically good; it is the only thing which is good without qualification

A

False

Kant teaches that only good will is intrinsically good; it is the only thing which is good without qualification

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12
Q

Identification

_____ does not agree with many ethicists that happiness is the summum bonum or the highest good

A

Immanuel Kant

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13
Q

Identification

can be corrupting and may be worthless or even positively evil when not combined with a good will

A

Happiness

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14
Q

Identification

is one that habitually wills rightly; it is not what good will achieves that constitutes its goodness

A

Good will

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15
Q

True or False

Good will is good in itself

A

True

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16
Q

True or False

For Aristotle, it is the person who acts from a sense of duty; he thinks that acting from a sense of duty means exhibiting good will even if in the face of difficulty

A

False

For Kant, it is the person who acts from a sense of duty; he thinks that acting from a sense of duty means exhibiting good will even if in the face of difficulty

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17
Q

Identification

refers to the feeling that pushes us to select a particular option or make a particular decision

A

Inclination

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18
Q

Identification

it is our liking or tendency to do, favor, or want
something

A

Inclination

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19
Q

Identification

which we ought to do despite our inclination or ‘taste’ to do otherwise

A

Duty or Obligation

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20
Q

True or False

MORALITY is essentially connected with DUTIES and OBLIGATIONS

A

True

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21
Q

True or False

There is no need to make a distinction between acts done from the “motive of duty” and those that are “in accordance with duty” in which the former are moral acts unlike the latter

A

False

There is a need to make a distinction between acts done from the “motive of duty” and those that are “in accordance with duty” in which the former are moral acts unlike the latter

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22
Q

True or False

It is one’s duty, as rational being, to act on principle or maxim, as contrasted to simply acting on impulse

A

True

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23
Q

Identification

is not done for a reason or any principle or maxim

A

Action (Acting on Impulse)

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24
Q

Identification

The agent has a reason for his action, and out of this reason, a maxim like this was formulated

A

Acting on Maxim

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25
Q

Identification

Is a general rule or principle which serves as a guide of action

A

Maxim

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26
Q

Enumeration

Give the Maxims of Conduct

A
  • Hypothetical
  • Categorical Imperative
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27
Q

Identification

should be understood as a command of reason

A

Imperative

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28
Q

Identification

entails being true only under some conditions therefore, not universally true or valid

A

Hypothetical

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29
Q

Identification

Is how reason orders one to achieve one’s specific ends

A

Hypothetical Imperative

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30
Q

Identification

It directs one to behave in certain manners on the condition that one seeks specified goals

A

Hypothetical Imperative

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31
Q

Identification

it’s like a decree stating that “if you wish to accomplish such-and-such an end, you must act in such-and-such a way”

A

Hypothetical Imperative

32
Q

True or False

Hypothetical imperative is both contingent and derivative

A

True

33
Q

True or False

Hypothetical imperative is contingent or conditional because acceptance of it depends on one’s wish to pass

A

False

Because circumstances are imaginable
where studying hard would still not result in passing, and in such situations, the maxim may no longer be accepted

34
Q

True or False

Hypothetical Imperative is derivative because circumstances are imaginable where studying hard would still not result in passing, and in such situations, the maxim may no longer be accepted

A

False

Because acceptance of it depends on
one’s wish to pass; if one does not want to pass, the principle may be ignored

35
Q

Identification

States that “no matter what end you desire to
attain, act in such-and-such a way”

A

Categorical Imperative

36
Q

Identification

It commands a person to act in particular ways regardless of what goals one looks for or what one’s ends may be

A

Categorical Imperative

37
Q

Identification

This imperative is exceptionless, that is, binding on all rational agents, in all circumstances, at all times

A

Categorical Imperative

38
Q

Identification

It demands action without qualification, without any ifs, and without regard to the consequence such an act may produce

A

Categorical Imperative

39
Q

Identification

is accepted on its own merits

A

Categorical Imperative

40
Q

Identification

This imperative ordains a rule that, if followed, will guarantee that the person behaving in accordance with it is acting morally

A

Categorical Imperative

41
Q

Identification

It serves as the barometer of reason determining whether or not an action qualifies as ethical

A

Categorical Imperative

42
Q

Identification

States “Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”.

A

Categorical Imperative

42
Q

Identification

States “Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”.

A

Categorical Imperative

43
Q

Identification

A person ought always to behave as if his course of conduct were to become a universal code of behavior

A

Categorical Imperative

44
Q

Identification

Another famous formulation of the categorical imperative

A

end-in-itself

45
Q

Identification

States “So act as to use humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means.”

A

end-in-itself

46
Q

Identification

This rendition teaches, among other things, to respect persons as ends in themselves and not only as means or instruments to further self- interest

A

end-in-itself

47
Q

Identification

This rendition teaches, among other things, to respect persons as ends in themselves and not only as means or instruments to further self- interest

A

end-in-itself

48
Q

True or False

In Kantian Ethics, critics argue that if lying is the only way to safeguard from sure danger another person, then lying is what one must do.

A

True

49
Q

True or False

Kant’s view is deemed by some as a rule-bound moral philosophy that puts a premium on rules rather than on humans

A

True

50
Q

Identification

are better construed as generalizations rather than as categorical commands without any exception

A

Ethical Rules

51
Q

True or False

Kantian ethics inflexibly demands that he ought to do both always and in all circumstances, which, in certain cases, is logically impossible

A

True

52
Q

Identification

For Aristotle, the genuinely virtuous person totally enjoys carrying out moral acts but for Kant, a moral act involves being contrary to somebody’s feelings, natural inclinations, and wishes

A

True

53
Q

Identification

Kant’s theory would go against Christian philosophy’s emphasis on love

A

True

54
Q

Identification

He proposed the principle of rights

A

Immanuel Kant

55
Q

Identification

He saw a distinctive correlation and difference between the intent of the law and the enforcement of law

A

Immanuel Kant

56
Q

Identification

were entrusted with the capacity to create laws by the citizens they governed in exchange for protection

A

Governement

57
Q

Identification

Is the notion that in order for a society to be efficacious

A

The Principles of Rights Theory

58
Q

True or False

rights theory states that in order for a war to be deemed morally justifiable, the intention of entering into war ought to be right in relation to human rights

A

True

59
Q

True or False

rights theory states that in order for a war to be deemed morally justifiable, the intention of entering into war ought to be right in relation to human rights

A

True

60
Q

True or False

The principle of right theory teaches that it is not merely the outcome of actions that is significant but also the reasoning behind them

A

True

61
Q

True or False

If the intent is evil, then the outcome is bad as well in the principles of rights theory.

A

True

62
Q

Identification

a broad moral theory in which Kant’s principle of rights theory is included

A

Rights based ethics

63
Q

True or False

“There are some rights, both positive and negative, that all humans have based only on the fact that they are human”

A

True

64
Q

Identification

refer to what ought to be

A

Moral rights

65
Q

Identification

refers to rights that are ‘on the books’

A

Legal rights

66
Q

Identification

represent the natural law

A

Moral rights

67
Q

Identification

embody the conventional positive law

A

Legal rights

68
Q

Identification

Denote all the rights found within existing legal codes

A

Legal Rights

69
Q

Identification

They enjoy the recognition and protection of the law

A

Legal Rights

70
Q

Identification

Questions to their existence can be resolved by just locating the pertinent legal instrument or piece of legislation

A

Legal Rights

71
Q

Identification

Does not exist prior to its passing into the law and the limits of its validity are set by the jurisdiction of the body which passed its legislation

A

Legal Rights

72
Q

Identification

Are rights that “exist prior to and independently from their legal counterparts”

A

Moral Rights

73
Q

Identification

The existence and validity of a moral right is not deemed to be dependent upon the actions of jurists and legislators

A

Moral Rights

74
Q

Identification

Are meant to apply to all human beings universally, regardless of whether or not they have attained legal recognition by all countries everywhere

A

Human Rights

75
Q

True or False

Human rights are best thought of as being BOTH moral and legal rights

A

True

76
Q

Identification

cannot be reduced to, or exclusively identified with legal rights

A

Human rights

Ethics Midterms (6 decks)

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