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Ethics Midterms > Utilitarianism > Flashcards

Utilitarianism Flashcards

1
Q

Identification

Are British philosophers who had immense impact on British thought

A
  • Jeremy Bentham
  • John Stuart Mill
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2
Q

Identification

as the head of a group of reformers called “the philosophical radicals”

A

Jeremy Bentham

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3
Q

Identification

A group of reformers where members included James Mill and his son, John Stuart Mill

A

the philosophical radicals

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4
Q

Identification

are considered the main proponents of the moral theory called Utilitarianism

A

Bentham and John Mill

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5
Q

Identification

The most prominent moral philosophy in the last two centuries

A

Utilitarianism

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6
Q

Identification

Is known as consequentialist theory, a subclass of teleological moral theory

A

Utilitarianism

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7
Q

Identification

Judges the rightness of an act in terms of an external goal or purpose

A

Teleological Ethical System

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8
Q

Identification

Its basis in the determination of what one ought to do rests exclusively on the consequences of the act, not the nature of the act nor the traditional moral rules

A

Teleological Ethical System

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9
Q

Identification

Proposes that actions, rules, or policies should be ethically measured and evaluated by their consequences, not by the intentions or motives of the agent

A

Consequential Ethics

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10
Q

Identification

hold that some actions are intrinsically wrong and must never be done no matter what the results are

A

Absolutists

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11
Q

Identification

suppose that there is no kind of act which may not be justified by its effects

A

Consequentialists

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12
Q

Identification

believe in a natural law or in natural rights which render some acts – those which violate those rights or conflict with that law – as immoral, no matter what their outcomes are

A

Absolutists

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13
Q

Identification

believe that there is no class of actions which must be ruled out in advance independent of their consequences

A

Consequentialists

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14
Q

Identification

The most influential consequentialist theory

A

Utilitarianism

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15
Q

Identification

Latin word meaning useful

A

utilis

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16
Q

Identification

States that what is useful is good and that the
moral value of actions are determined by the
utility of its consequences

A

Utilitarianism

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17
Q

Identification

It explains that those actions that bring about
favorable effects are moral while those that
produce damaging results are immoral

A

Utilitarianism

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18
Q

Identification

Essentially opposed to ethical theories that consider God’s will or some inner sense or faculty, like the conscience, to be the final arbiter of morality

A

Utilitarianism

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19
Q

Identification

Argues that the right course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness

A

Utilitarian Ethics

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20
Q

Identification

This ethical system that identifies happiness with pleasure

A

Hedonistic

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21
Q

Identification

An action is right if it amplifies pleasures and minimizes pain

A

Utilitarian Ethics

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22
Q

Identification

The principle of utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a situation of choice

A

Act Utilitarianism

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23
Q

Identification

Is defined as the one which brings about the best results, or, the least amount of bad results

A

Right Act

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24
Q

Identification

The principle of utility is used to decide the validity of rules of conduct (moral standards or principles)

A

Rule Utilitarianism

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25
Q

Identification

He founded the doctrine of utilitarianism

A

Jeremy Bentham

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26
Q

Identification

He later systematized and modified some of Bentham’s utilitarian principles

A

John Stuart Mill

27
Q

Identification

He proposed the primary form of utilitarianism in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)

A

Jeremy Bentham

28
Q

Identification

He confessed that he took over the principle of utility from David Hume

A

Jeremy Bentham

29
Q

Identification

He explains that ‘utility’ means that property in any object that tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness

A

Bentham

30
Q

Identification

states that an action is right insofar as it tends to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number

A

Principle of utility

31
Q

Enumeration

What are the two sovereign masters

A
  • Pleasure
  • Pain
32
Q

Enumeration

What are the 4 sanctions or sources of pleasure?

A
  • Physical
  • Moral
  • Religious
  • Spiritual
33
Q

Identification

Basis of all the other sanctions of pleasure

A

Physical

34
Q

Enumeration

seven criteria that allow one to quantify the amount of pleasure or pain an action brings about

A
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Certainty
  • Propinquity (Remoteness)
  • Fecundity (Fruitfulness)
  • Purity
  • Extent to which pleasure and pain are shared among the greatest number of people
35
Q

Enumeration

seven criteria that allow one to quantify the amount of pleasure or pain an action brings about

A
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Certainty
  • Propinquity (Remoteness)
  • Fecundity (Fruitfulness)
  • Purity
  • Extent to which pleasure and pain are shared among the greatest number of people
36
Q

Identification

determines the moral value of an act by calculating the sum of pleasure it caused and the amount of pain it generated

A

Bentham’s Utilitarianism

37
Q

Identification

is that which maximizes benefits and minimizes damages or costs

A

Moral Deed

38
Q

True or False

Mill disapproves the retributive principle that requires that he who has done harm shall endure harm

A

False

Bentham disapproves the retributive principle that requires that he who has done harm shall endure harm

39
Q

Identification

is the most famous proponent
of utilitarianism after Bentham

A

John Stuart Mill

40
Q

Identification

he advocates ‘the greatest
happiness principle’ which states that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is
the measure of right and wrong

A

John Stuart Mill

41
Q

Identification

rejects the purely quantitative
treatment of the principle of utility

A

John Stuart Mill

41
Q

Identification

he introduces the so-called ‘secondary principles’ which set the tone for a contemporary variant form of the theory
called rule utilitarianism

A

John Stuart Mill

42
Q

Identification

distinguished between higher and lower pleasures

A

John Stuart Mill

43
Q

Identification

He ites Epicurus who explain that while the
good or happy life is the life of pleasure, it does
not mean only sensual pleasure

A

John Stuart Mill

44
Q

Identification

belong to lower pleasures or
those which animals can also experience (e.g., food, drink, sex)

A

Physical Pleasures

45
Q

Identification

He declared, “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pic satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”

A

John Stuart Mill

46
Q

Identification

refer to intellectual which
includes artistic, political, and spiritual pleasures

A

Higher Pleasures

47
Q

Identification

more desirable and more valuable that are exclusive to humans (e.g., reading a good novel or poetry, listening to music, etc.)

A

Higher Pleasures

48
Q

Identification

he wants qualitative distinctions among pleasures which is considered ____.

A

qualitative hedonist

49
Q

True or False

For Mill, a happiness that is made up principally of higher pleasures is a higher, deeper, truer, and more valuable form of happiness

A

True

50
Q

True or False

Mill states that ‘happiness’ and ‘unhappiness’ are the basis of good and evil

A

True

51
Q

True or False

Pleasure and pain are only the basic minimum

A

True

52
Q

Identification

He believes that past experiences teach us what
kinds of action promote happiness and which do
no

A

John Stuart Mill

53
Q

Identification

He believes that past experiences teach us what
kinds of action promote happiness and which do
no

A

Mill’s secondary Principles

54
Q

Identification

This does not mean that the actions are justified
by these practical rules – it’s the consequences
manifested in past experiences which validate
them

A

Mill’s Utilitarianism

55
Q

True or False

Utilitarianism appears to be a direct negative reaction against Kantian ethics

A

True

56
Q

Identification

has transcultural appeal as all
sentient being understand pain and pleasure; it
also inspires and encourages people to act
morally, even if one does not believe in afterlife,
for moral actions can be observed to improve life
on eart

A

Utilitarianism

57
Q

Identification

allows for exceptions to the rule if justified by the consequence

A

Utilitarianism

58
Q

True or False

utilitarianism indicates that an act is right even if it is done from an evil motive as long as it
brings about advantageous effects

A

True

59
Q

Identification

perhaps the most broadly
understood and normally applied ethical theory in
business

A

Utilitarianism

60
Q

Identification

teaches decision generates the greatest good for the greatest number of persons

A

Utilitarianism

61
Q

Identification

is defined as the net
benefits that accrue to those parties affected by
choice

A

good

62
Q

Identification

centers on the action that has
been taken, evaluating it along the lines of
whether the chosen action produces more good
than bad consequences

A

Act Utilitarianism

Ethics Midterms (6 decks)

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