Virtualization Flashcards
What is virtualization?
Virtualization is the use of a host computer with a hypervisor to install and manage multiple guest operating systems or virtual machines (VMs).
Differentiate between Type I and Type II hypervisors.
Type I Hypervisor (Bare Metal): Runs directly on hardware and serves as the OS.
Type II Hypervisor: Runs within an existing OS and manages VMs.
What are the key virtualization concepts?
Server-Based Virtualization: Applications run on centralized servers.
Client-Based Virtualization: Applications stream to a client’s device.
Containerization: Isolates applications within containers on a shared OS.
What is a container, and which technologies enable it?
Containers provide isolated execution environments using a shared OS.
Examples: Docker, Parallels Virtuozzo, OpenVZ.
What is hyperconverged infrastructure?
A system integrating storage, networking, and servers without hardware changes.
Describe virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI).
Hosts desktop OSs on centralized servers for access by end-users.
What is a sandbox in virtualization?
An isolated environment for testing malware or preventing system vulnerabilities.
Compare VM escape and VM hopping security threats.
VM Escape: Attacker exits a VM to interact with the hypervisor or host OS.
VM Hopping: Attacker moves between VMs on the same host.
What are SLAT technologies, and how do they improve performance?
SLAT enhances virtual memory performance for multiple VMs.
Intel: Extended Page Table (EPT)
AMD: Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI)
What are the resource requirements for virtualization?
Adequate CPU, memory, storage, and NIC teaming for higher speeds.
Example:
Barebones Windows: 20–50 GB
Barebones Linux: 4–8 GB
Barebones Mac: 20–40 GB
How can VM sprawl be mitigated?
Establish policies for controlled VM deployment.
What is live migration in virtualization?
Moving a running VM between hosts without downtime.
Use encryption or trusted networks for security.
How should data remnants be handled?
Encrypt VM storage and destroy encryption keys for secure disposal.
What is cross-platform virtualization?
Enables testing and running applications for different OSs using virtualization or emulation.
