Networking Basics Flashcards
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
A Network Interface Card (NIC) connects computers to networks. It is available in wired (Ethernet), fiber, and wireless (Wi-Fi) varieties.
What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
A hub is a legacy device that allows multiple devices to connect but shares a single collision domain, leading to slower and less secure connections. A switch is an intelligent hub where each port is in a separate collision domain, improving efficiency and security.
What is the difference between an unmanaged and a managed switch?
An unmanaged switch is a plug-and-play device used in small networks, while a managed switch is configurable, supporting advanced features like VLANs, MAC filtering, and network monitoring.
What does a Wireless Access Point (WAP) do?
A Wireless Access Point (WAP) extends wired networks wirelessly by converting Wi-Fi signals to Ethernet.
What is the function of a router?
A router connects different networks and directs traffic using IP addresses (IPv4/IPv6), often found in home setups as part of a combined device from ISPs.
What is a firewall and how is it used in networking?
A firewall is a security device that filters inbound and outbound traffic using access control lists
What is the purpose of a patch panel?
A patch panel centralizes wall jack connections, protecting expensive switch ports and improving network supportability.
What is Power over Ethernet (PoE) and its types?
Power over Ethernet (PoE) supplies both power and data over Ethernet cables.
• 802.3af: 13W
• 802.3at (PoE+): 25W
• 802.3bt (PoE++): Up to 73W, suitable for high-power devices like IP cameras.
What is the role of a cable modem?
A cable modem converts coaxial signals from ISPs to Ethernet for home networks.
What is an Optical Network Terminal (ONT)?
An Optical Network Terminal (ONT) converts fiber optic signals to Ethernet, commonly used in fiber-to-the-home services.
What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) virtualizes network hardware, enabling centralized control over multiple devices through software.
What is a Personal Area Network (PAN)?
A PAN is the smallest network, covering a range of about 10 feet, connecting personal devices for close-range communication, such as Bluetooth between phones and car audio systems.
What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?
A LAN covers a single building or up to 100 meters and connects devices within a limited area, typically in homes, schools, or offices.
What is a Campus Area Network (CAN)?
A CAN connects multiple LANs within a limited geographic area, such as a university campus or business park.
What is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
A MAN covers a city or metropolitan area, typically up to 25 miles, connecting multiple CANs across a city or metro area.
What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A WAN covers large geographic areas like states, countries, or globally, connecting LANs and MANs using leased lines or VPNs.
What is a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)?
A WLAN is a type of LAN that uses wireless connections to provide mobility within a coverage area.
What is a Storage Area Network (SAN)?
A SAN is a specialized network designed for high-speed data storage, connecting storage devices and servers.
What is a Small Office/Home Office Network (SoHo)?
A SoHo network serves small office or home environments, often using single multifunction devices to simplify networking needs.
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
IoT refers to a network of devices equipped with sensors, software, and connectivity that allows remote data reporting and management.
What are some key IoT applications?
• Building/Home Automation: Manages lighting, HVAC, and security systems.
• IP Video Systems: Used for remote collaboration and video conferencing.
• Audio-Visual Systems: Supports live video streaming and display management.
• Physical Access Control: Manages authentication with devices like proximity readers.
• Scientific/Industrial Equipment: Centralized monitoring for healthcare and manufacturing.
What are the categories of IoT devices?
• Hub and Control Systems: Central devices for IoT communication.
• Smart Devices: Endpoint devices like smart thermostats.
• Wearables: IoT devices worn on the body.
• Sensors: Measure conditions such as temperature.
What are the best practices for IoT security and network management?
• Segmentation: Keep IoT devices on their own network.
• Regular Patching: Ensure devices are updated to avoid vulnerabilities.
• Network Compatibility: Ensure IoT devices do not interfere with other networks.
What is a twisted pair cable?
A twisted pair cable consists of eight insulated copper wires arranged into four twisted pairs, minimizing electromagnetic interference (EMI).
What are the types of twisted pair cables?
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Affordable and flexible.
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Has additional shielding for better EMI protection.
What is the difference between a straight-through and a crossover cable?
• Straight-Through Cable: Same pinout on both ends.
• Crossover Cable: Different pinout on each end.
What are the key characteristics of fiber optic cables?
• Data Transmission: Uses light for data transmission.
• Speed and Distance: Can cover hundreds of miles and support speeds up to terabits per second.
What are the types of fiber optic cables?
• Single Mode Fiber (SMF): Smaller core, ideal for long distances.
• Multimode Fiber (MMF): Larger core, suited for shorter distances.
What are common fiber optic connectors?
• SC: Square-shaped, “stick and click.”
• ST: Requires a half-turn twist.
• LC: Smaller version of SC.
• MTRJ: Compact, with both transmit and receive in a single connector.
What is the structure of a coaxial cable?
Coaxial cables consist of a central conductor, surrounded by metallic shielding to prevent interference.
What are the types of coaxial cables?
- RG-6: Used for high-frequency transmission. (Cable-to-home) thicker cable
- RG-59: used indoors for shorter runs, (cable modem to the tv)
What is the speed and distance capability of Cat5 cable?
Cat5 supports 100 Mbps up to 100 meters.
What is the speed and distance capability of Cat5e cable?
Cat5e supports 1 Gbps up to 100 meters.
What are the speed and distance capabilities of Cat6 cable?
Cat6 supports 1 Gbps up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps up to 55 meters.
What is the speed and distance capability of Cat6a cable?
Cat6a supports 10 Gbps up to 100 meters.
What are the speed, distance, and connector types supported by Cat7 cable?
Cat7 supports 10 Gbps up to 100 meters and can use either RJ45 or TERA connectors.
What is the speed and distance capability of Cat8 cable?
Cat8 supports 40 Gbps up to 30 meters.
