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A+ 220-1101 > Networking Basics > Flashcards

Networking Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A

A Network Interface Card (NIC) connects computers to networks. It is available in wired (Ethernet), fiber, and wireless (Wi-Fi) varieties.

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2
Q

What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

A

A hub is a legacy device that allows multiple devices to connect but shares a single collision domain, leading to slower and less secure connections. A switch is an intelligent hub where each port is in a separate collision domain, improving efficiency and security.

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3
Q

What is the difference between an unmanaged and a managed switch?

A

An unmanaged switch is a plug-and-play device used in small networks, while a managed switch is configurable, supporting advanced features like VLANs, MAC filtering, and network monitoring.

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4
Q

What does a Wireless Access Point (WAP) do?

A

A Wireless Access Point (WAP) extends wired networks wirelessly by converting Wi-Fi signals to Ethernet.

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5
Q

What is the function of a router?

A

A router connects different networks and directs traffic using IP addresses (IPv4/IPv6), often found in home setups as part of a combined device from ISPs.

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6
Q

What is a firewall and how is it used in networking?

A

A firewall is a security device that filters inbound and outbound traffic using access control lists

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a patch panel?

A

A patch panel centralizes wall jack connections, protecting expensive switch ports and improving network supportability.

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8
Q

What is Power over Ethernet (PoE) and its types?

A

Power over Ethernet (PoE) supplies both power and data over Ethernet cables.

• 802.3af: 13W
• 802.3at (PoE+): 25W
• 802.3bt (PoE++): Up to 73W, suitable for high-power devices like IP cameras.

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9
Q

What is the role of a cable modem?

A

A cable modem converts coaxial signals from ISPs to Ethernet for home networks.

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10
Q

What is an Optical Network Terminal (ONT)?

A

An Optical Network Terminal (ONT) converts fiber optic signals to Ethernet, commonly used in fiber-to-the-home services.

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11
Q

What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?

A

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) virtualizes network hardware, enabling centralized control over multiple devices through software.

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12
Q

What is a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

A

A PAN is the smallest network, covering a range of about 10 feet, connecting personal devices for close-range communication, such as Bluetooth between phones and car audio systems.

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13
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A

A LAN covers a single building or up to 100 meters and connects devices within a limited area, typically in homes, schools, or offices.

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14
Q

What is a Campus Area Network (CAN)?

A

A CAN connects multiple LANs within a limited geographic area, such as a university campus or business park.

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15
Q

What is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?

A

A MAN covers a city or metropolitan area, typically up to 25 miles, connecting multiple CANs across a city or metro area.

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16
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A

A WAN covers large geographic areas like states, countries, or globally, connecting LANs and MANs using leased lines or VPNs.

17
Q

What is a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)?

A

A WLAN is a type of LAN that uses wireless connections to provide mobility within a coverage area.

18
Q

What is a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

A

A SAN is a specialized network designed for high-speed data storage, connecting storage devices and servers.

19
Q

What is a Small Office/Home Office Network (SoHo)?

A

A SoHo network serves small office or home environments, often using single multifunction devices to simplify networking needs.

20
Q

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A

IoT refers to a network of devices equipped with sensors, software, and connectivity that allows remote data reporting and management.

21
Q

What are some key IoT applications?

A

• Building/Home Automation: Manages lighting, HVAC, and security systems.
• IP Video Systems: Used for remote collaboration and video conferencing.
• Audio-Visual Systems: Supports live video streaming and display management.
• Physical Access Control: Manages authentication with devices like proximity readers.
• Scientific/Industrial Equipment: Centralized monitoring for healthcare and manufacturing.

22
Q

What are the categories of IoT devices?

A

• Hub and Control Systems: Central devices for IoT communication.
• Smart Devices: Endpoint devices like smart thermostats.
• Wearables: IoT devices worn on the body.
• Sensors: Measure conditions such as temperature.

23
Q

What are the best practices for IoT security and network management?

A

• Segmentation: Keep IoT devices on their own network.
• Regular Patching: Ensure devices are updated to avoid vulnerabilities.
• Network Compatibility: Ensure IoT devices do not interfere with other networks.

24
Q

What is a twisted pair cable?

A

A twisted pair cable consists of eight insulated copper wires arranged into four twisted pairs, minimizing electromagnetic interference (EMI).

25
Q

What are the types of twisted pair cables?

A

• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Affordable and flexible.
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Has additional shielding for better EMI protection.

26
Q

What is the difference between a straight-through and a crossover cable?

A

• Straight-Through Cable: Same pinout on both ends.
• Crossover Cable: Different pinout on each end.

27
Q

What are the key characteristics of fiber optic cables?

A

• Data Transmission: Uses light for data transmission.
• Speed and Distance: Can cover hundreds of miles and support speeds up to terabits per second.

28
Q

What are the types of fiber optic cables?

A

• Single Mode Fiber (SMF): Smaller core, ideal for long distances.
• Multimode Fiber (MMF): Larger core, suited for shorter distances.

29
Q

What are common fiber optic connectors?

A

• SC: Square-shaped, “stick and click.”
• ST: Requires a half-turn twist.
• LC: Smaller version of SC.
• MTRJ: Compact, with both transmit and receive in a single connector.

30
Q

What is the structure of a coaxial cable?

A

Coaxial cables consist of a central conductor, surrounded by metallic shielding to prevent interference.

31
Q

What are the types of coaxial cables?

A
  • RG-6: Used for high-frequency transmission. (Cable-to-home) thicker cable
  • RG-59: used indoors for shorter runs, (cable modem to the tv)
32
Q

What is the speed and distance capability of Cat5 cable?

A

Cat5 supports 100 Mbps up to 100 meters.

33
Q

What is the speed and distance capability of Cat5e cable?

A

Cat5e supports 1 Gbps up to 100 meters.

34
Q

What are the speed and distance capabilities of Cat6 cable?

A

Cat6 supports 1 Gbps up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps up to 55 meters.

35
Q

What is the speed and distance capability of Cat6a cable?

A

Cat6a supports 10 Gbps up to 100 meters.

36
Q

What are the speed, distance, and connector types supported by Cat7 cable?

A

Cat7 supports 10 Gbps up to 100 meters and can use either RJ45 or TERA connectors.

37
Q

What is the speed and distance capability of Cat8 cable?

A

Cat8 supports 40 Gbps up to 30 meters.

A+ 220-1101 (29 decks)

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