Virtual Day 1 & Simulation Day 1 Flashcards
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing; Labored breathing
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath when laying down or reclined but is usually resolved by sitting up or standing
Pruritus
Itchy skin
Bronchospasm
Wheezing
(Tightening of the smooth muscles of the bronchi leading to wheezing, coughing, fatigue, and tightness/chest pain)
Lung Consolidation
When the air that usually fills the small airways in your lungs is replaced with something else…
(The air may be replaced with a fluid: such as pus, blood, or water)
Egophony (E to A)
When lungs are ascultated, “e” sounds are heard as “a”
EXTRA INFO: This is heard over an area of consolidation and is due to enhanced transmission of high-frequency sound across fluid
Laryngeal Edema
Edema in the larynx
(Usually due to an infection or an allergic reaction)
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Pneumonia acquired outside the hospital or within less than 48 hours of hospital admission
Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)
Pneumonia that develops in a patient outside the hospital but who has had extensive contact with the health care setting
EXTRA INFO: HCAP is similar to CAP in the fact that it occurs outside the hospital. When pneumonia is associated with health care risk factors (prior hospitalization, dialysis, residing in a nursing home, immunocompromised state), it is now more appropriately classified as a health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AAC.00851-07 (Source)
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission
A term used interhangeably with Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) is…
Nosocomial Pneumonia
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
A type of HAP that occurs 48 hours after intubation
Identify the lung sound on the MP3
Also mention whether it is Inspiratory or Expiratory
Wheezing on expiration (Expiratory Wheezing)
Describe “wheezing”
High pitched, musical, adventitious sound produced when air travels through narrow or compressed small airways (Usually the lower airway)
Describe “stridor”
High pitched (less musical than wheezing), turbulent sound produced by an upper airway obstruction or air passing through a narrowed upper airway
S/S of Pneumonia (4)
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Dyspnea
- Orthopnea
What are the initial s/s of a patient in respiratory distress (3)?
- Dyspnea
- Hypoxemia
- Tachypnea
Mild systematic reactions of a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction consists of (8):
- Peripheral tingling
- Warmth
- A sensation of fullness in the mouth and throat
- Nasal congestion
- Peri-orbital swelling
- Pruritus
- Sneezing
- Tearing of the eyes
Moderate systematic reactions of a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction consists of (2):
- Flushing
- Anxiety
- All symptoms of a mild reaction
Severe systematic reactions of a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction consists of (11):
- Bronchospasm
- Laryngeal edema
- Severe dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Hypotension
- Dysphagia
- Abdominal Cramping
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Seizures can also occur
- Cardiac arrest and coma may follow
What is the priority action by a nurse when a patient experiences sudden respiratory distress?
Assess the airway
(Airway, Breathing, Circulation/ABCs)
What risk factor can the nurse recognize that Kenneth Bronson had r/t pneumonia?
Smoking
What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis?
Penicillin
Acetaminophen is…
Nonopioid analgesic and antipyretic
This medication is used to reduce fever and treat mild to moderate pain
Ceftriaxone is…
Cephalosporin antibiotic
Used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia
Diphenhydramine is…
Antihistamine
Used to reduce symptoms of allergy such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, hives, skin rash, and runny nose
Epinephrine is…
Alpha and Beta agonist (Sympathomimetic agent)
Used to treat severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis
Methylprednisolone is…
Corticosteroids
Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis and other conditions that affect skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells
Ranitidine is…
Histamine-2 blockers
Used to reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces
The nurse should include which statement when providing education once the patient is first stabilized after an anaphylactic reaction?
“You will be closely monitored since there is a chance of a delayed reaction”
Risk for “rebound” or delayed immune reaction. Patients who have experienced an anaphylactic reaction should receive a prescription for preloaded syringes of epi.