Theory Final

Question 1

Gout is caused by… systemic or localized?

Answer 1

Build up of Uris acid crystals in small joints, systemic

Question 2

Osteomyelitis is caused by…

Answer 2

Infection in the bone

Question 3

Carpal Tunnel is caused by

Answer 3

Median nerve impingement, paresthesia

Question 4

Osteoarthritis is…

Answer 4

Degenerative joint disease, not autoimmune

Question 5

Rheumatoid Arthritis is… what is it treated with?

Answer 5

Autoimmune disease, body attacks the joints. Treated with DMARDs side effect is immunosuppression

Question 6

Lumbar laminectomy concerns…

Answer 6

Clear leaky fluid, may indicate CSF leak

Question 7

DVT/PE prevention; Nursing dependent actions

Answer 7

SCDs, anticoagulants

Question 8

DVT/PE prevention; Nursing independent actionsrcises

Answer 8

Leg exercises/movements

Question 9

FES is caused by…

Answer 9

femur fracture (long bone fracture) can cause bone marrow to release fat cells into bloodstream

Question 10

S/S of FES… (7)

Answer 10

Petechiae, micro vascular rash, changes in LOC, increased HR/RR/temp, chest pain, dyspnea, crackles

Question 11

Nursing interventions for FES… (7)

Answer 11

Notify MD, bed rest, fracture immobilization, oxygen, fluids, gentle handling, palliative care

Question 12

Osteoclasts…

Answer 12

Bone-destroying cells

Question 13

Osteoblasts…

Answer 13

bone-building cells

Question 14

When do we use traction?

Answer 14

Used for pre-op in order to re-align bones of an unstable fracture

Question 15

Carpal Tunnel;
Risk factors (4)
S/S (2)
Location
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic tests
Medical Tx (3)

Answer 15

Risk factors (4):
-Females 30-60
-Repetitive movements
-RA
-DM

S/S (2):
-Paresthesia
-localized pain

Location:
-Inner aspect of wrist

Pathophysiology:
-Median nerve at wrist is compromised by flexor tendon and skeletal structure

Diagnostic tests:
-Tinel sign (pins and needles when percussing over nerve indicating compression or damage to nerve

Medical Tx: (3)
- Corticosteroid
-NSAIDs
-Wrist Splints

Question 16

Osteomyelitis:
Risk factors (4)
Signs and Symptoms (4)
Location
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic (3)
Medical Tx (2)

Answer 16

Risk factors (4):
-Geriatrics
-Poor Nutrition
-Poor Immune system
-Diabetes

Signs and Symptoms (4):
-Fever
-Elevated pulse
-Inflammation
-Pus

Location:
-Bone and surrounding tissue

Pathophysiology:
-Bone infection resulting in inflammation and necrosis

Diagnostic (3):
-X-ray
-Bone scan w/WBC scan
-Elevated ESR & WBCs

Medical Tx (2):
-Antibiotics
-Surgical debridement

Question 17

Osteoporosis;
Risk factors (5)
S/S (2)
Location (3)
Pathophysiology
Diagnostics
Medical Tx (4)

Answer 17

Risk factors (5):
-Postmenopausal women
-Men > 60
-Bariatric
-Immobility
-Decreased Vitamin D and Calcium

S/S (2)
-Back pain
-Loss of height

Location (3)
-Wrist
-Hip
-Spine

Pathophysiology
-Weakening of the bone (More porous and fragile)

Diagnostics
-DEXA

Medical Tx (4)
-Calcium
-Vitamin D
-Vitamin C
-Estrogen

Question 18

Gout;
Risk factors (5)
Sites (3)
Pathophysiology
Dx tests (3)
Medical Tx (Meds x 3)

Answer 18

Risk factors (5):
-Men
-Geri
-Bariatric
-Alcohol Consumtion
-Hypertension

Sites (3):
-Big toe
-Hands
-Ear

Pathophysiology
-Caused by hyperuricemia

Dx tests (3):
-Joint Fluid test
-X-ray & DECT
-Blood Test

Medical Tx (Meds x 3)
-Colchicine (acute attacks)
-allopurinol (Chronic use)
-corticosteroids

Question 19

Osteoarthritis
Risk factors (4)
Sites
Pathophysiology
Dx tests
Medical treatment (3)

Answer 19

Risk factors (4)
-Bariatrics
-Geriatrics
-Females
-Sports

Sites
-Joints

Pathophysiology
-Breakdown of articulation cartilage leading to progressive damage to the underlying bone

Dx tests
-X-rays

Medical treatment (3)
-cardiovascular exercises
-Orthopedic devices
-NSAIDs