Virology Test 1 Flashcards
What is virology?
Study of viruses and viral diseases
What is a virologist?
Someone who studies viruses
Why is the study of veterinary virology important?
Viruses cause high mortality and morbidity
Viral diseases cause tremendous financial losses to livestock and poultry industries, hampering the economic development of a country
Some are zoonotic
What are characteristics of viruses?
Non-living
Nucleic acid genome surrounded by a protein coat
Do not possess standard cellular organisms
Cannot make own energy or proteins
All are obligate intracellular parasites
Cannot multiply by division - replication resembles an assembly line
What is a virion?
A complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat sometimes with external envelopes and that is the extracellular infective form of a virus
What is a virus?
Broad general term used to describe the infectious agent and includes: the infectious virion or inactivated virus particle, or viral nucleic acid and protein in the infected cell
What is a viroid?
An infectious particle smaller than any known viruses, an agent of certain plant diseases. The particle consists only of an extremely small circular RNA molecule, lacking the protein coat of a virus
What did Edward Jenner do for the world?
Inoculated some cowpox repeatedly into arms of a healthy 8 year old boy who became immune and did not succumb to small pox.
Vaccination - comes from the Latin word “vacca” meaning cow
What did Louis Pasteur do for the world?
Injected dried, potassium hydroxide treated, infected rabbit brain material in two boys bitten by rabid dogs and both recovered
What is the Chamberland filter?
Filter that had pores smaller than bacteria.
Pioneered the discovery of viruses. Used in the famous tobacco mosaic virus experiment
What was the tobacco mosaic experiment?
Diseased tobacco leaves were crushed and passed through the Chamberland filter -> the cell debris was placed on a healthy leaf -> remained healthy
->the cell filtrate was placed on a healthy leaf-> leaf died
What did Friedrick Loeffler and Paul Frosch do for the world?
Passed the first animal virus through a Chamberland filter and discovered the cause of foot-and-mouth disease (Foot-and-mouth disease virus)
What did Walter Reed do for the world?
Discovered yellow fever is transmitted through mosquitoes
What about Peyton Rous?
Isolated the first tumor-causing animal virus (oncogenes viruses). Of course named the Rous sarcoma virus.
And Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll did what?
Invented the electron microscope
What was the first virus successfully propagated in embryonated hen’s egg?
Fowlpoxvirus
Sanford et all did what in history?
Culture of isolated mammalian cells
Enders et all did?
Growth of poliovirus in cell culture
Bulbecco and Vogt did what?
Plaque assay for the first animal virus - poliovirus
The only animal disease declared globally eradicated
Rinderpest
What is the smallest animal virus?
Porcine circovirus type 1
Largest animal, human and bird virus?
Poxvirus (200 nm diameter and 300 nm in length)
What shape is Ebolavirus?
Filament-shaped
What shape is Rabies virus?
Bullet shaped