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RUSVM Virology > Final: Birnaviridae And Caliciviridae > Flashcards

Final: Birnaviridae And Caliciviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What family of viruses are non-enveloped viruses, hexagonal in outline, single shell with icosahedral symmetry and have two segments of linear ds RNA?

A

Birnaviridae

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2
Q

Infectious burial disease (IBD) belongs to what family of viruses? Is also known as what disease? Where does it live in the body?

A

Birnavirus
AKA Gumboro Disease
Predilection for the bursa of Fabricius (cloacal bursa)

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3
Q

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) has how many serotypes?

A

2

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4
Q

What is serotype 1 of IBDV?

A

Pathogenic to chickens
Has 3 antigenic subgroups:
Variant viruses (no mortality), classic or standard viruses (10-50% mortality), and very virulent viruses (50-100% mortality)

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5
Q

What is serotype 2 of IBDV?

A

Asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkey

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6
Q

Transmission of IBDV?

A

Virus excreted by infected birds infects a healthy bird by direct contact or the fecal-oral transmission.

Virus is very stable in nature. Can survive in poultry houses even after cleaning and disinfection procedures are followed. Detected in water and feed even after 52 days.

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of IBDV?

A

Oral infection -> replication in gut associated macrophages and lymphocytes in the ceca and small intestine -> liver -> blood stream ->virus replicated in the Burse of Fabricius and depletes the lymphoid B cells (highest susceptibility is between 3-6 weeks) -> secondary viremia -> localization in other tissues, including other lymphoid tissues -> IBDV trigger both direct (macrophage activation) and indirect (T cell activation) to induce a cytokine storm in acute phase of the disease -> mortality

Immunosuppression: in recovered birds or subclinical cases, diminished antibody response and increased susceptibility to a wide range of opportunistic infectious agents

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of IBDV?

A 
Distress, depression, ruffled feathers
Diarrhea, anorexia
Dehydration
Swollen bursa Fabricius with hemorrhages
Subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages
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9
Q

What are the stages of the bursa infections and what can be seen?

A

Acute stage -> enlarged edematous bursa
5 days post infection bursa returns to normal size. May be hemorrhagic as in this specific bursa
8 days post infection bursa atrophied and up to 1/8 of normal size

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10
Q

T/F: Live IBD vaccines are produced from fully or partially attenuated strains of virus, known as mild, intermediate, or intermediate plus?

A

True

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11
Q

T/F: Mild vaccines strains that cause no burial lesions cannot be used effectively in chicks with maternal-derived antibodies (MDA) until about 4 weeks of age as they are neutralized

A

True

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12
Q

In ovo vaccinations of immune complex (live IBD vaccine virus + anti-IBDV antibody) can be injected at how many days of incubation?

A

18

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13
Q

What type of vaccine that uses a viral vector to express the VP2 antigen of IBDV in chickens has been licensed recently?

A

Live recombinant vaccine

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14
Q

T/F: Serotype-2 Birnavirus causes IBD in chickens

A

False

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15
Q

T/F: Calicivirus derive their name from the Latin word for calix, or ____, as some members of this family have 32 cup-shaped surface depressions that give it a unique appearance.

A

Cup

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16
Q

What are the two Genus that we are interested in for family Caliciviridae?

A

Norovirus -> cause gastroenteritis

Vesivirus -> vesicular exanthema of swine virus and feline calicivirus

17
Q

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) is a highly infectious pathogen of what species?

A

Felines

That was an easy one

18
Q

FCV belongs to genus _____, family __________.

A

Vesivirus; Caliciviridae

19
Q

T/F: Being genetically diverse, FCV is associated with a range of clinical syndromes.

A

True

20
Q

Clinical syndromes may range from inapparent infections to typically mild or acute ____ and upper ______ tract disease in cats

A

Oral; respiratory

21
Q

Some strains of FCV will induce what?

A

Lameness, known as limping syndrome

22
Q

What has emerged most recently in the USA and is associated with a systemic infection that is frequently fatal?

A

Highly virulent forms of the FCV virus

23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FCV?

A

Carrier, recovered, mildly infected cat, or acutely infected cats -> virus is shed in oral, nasal and conjunctival secretions largely by direct contact -> conjunctiva, inhaled or ingested by healthy cat

24
Q

What are the routes of infection for FCV in healthy cats?

A

In healthy cat, FCV replicated mainly in the oral and respiratory tissues. Strains may differ in their tissue tropisms and pathogenicity. Viruses even found in feces and urine.

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of FCV-associated oral and upper respiratory tract diseases?

A

Tongue ulcers (most prominent lesion)
Sloughing oral ulcer & rhinitis
Chronic ulcerative proliferative gingivostomatitis. Possibly an immune mediated reaction to FCV, not clear.
Tongue ulcerative glossitis
Pneumonia (acute exudative followed by proliferative interstitial pneumonia)

26
Q

T/F: FCV-associated lameness (limping syndrome) always occurs

A

False, only occasional

27
Q

During the last decade, a severe form of ___ disease with high mortality rates has been reported in cats

A

FCV

28
Q

T/F: In all of the reported outbreaks, vaccinated cats have been affected, suggesting that current vaccines may not protect against FCV-VSD disease.

A

Unfortunately true

29
Q

The clinical-pathological features of FCV-VSD differ substantially from those of ‘classical’ FCV disease.

A

Fun fact

30
Q

What are the vaccines for FCV?

A

Most FCV vaccines are in combo with FHV or with more additional antigens.
Modified-live and inactivated parenteral vaccines exist, the modified-live intranasal vaccine has been discontinued in Europe, but still available in USA

31
Q

Early vaccination of FCV should be considered for who?

A

Kittens from queens that have had infected litters previously, or for cats at risk of infection

32
Q

T/F: There is no need to vaccinate healthy cats against FCV

A

False, stab those babies

33
Q

T/F: Cats that have recovered from Calicivirus disease are probably protected for life, particularly against disease caused by different strains. Vaccination of these cats is still recommended.

A

False, they are protected for life which is why the vaccines are still recommended.

34
Q

ID

An acute, highly infectious viral disease characterized by fever and formation of vesicles on the snout, oral mucosa, soles of the feet, the coronary band and between the toes

A

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

35
Q

T/F: In pigs, the clinical disease of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)is indistinguishable from foot-and-moth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease. Chances of secondary bacterial infection.

A

True

36
Q

What is the transmission of VES?

A

Direct contact with infected animals and ingestion of raw garbage containing infected pork scraps.

37
Q

Which country was declared VES free?

A

USA

38
Q

T/F: Calicivirus can cause fatal systemic disease in cats

A

True

RUSVM Virology (10 decks)

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