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MICB 202 > Virology Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Virology Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a virus?

A

Chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by protein

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2
Q

Why are viruses not cells?

A
  • They cannot synthesize their own ATP, aa’s or nucleotides

- (therefore they cannot replicate without a host cell)

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3
Q

Can viruses carry out translation or transcription independently?

A

No- requires ATP and nucleotides from host cell

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4
Q

What are the three ways that the genetic information can progress?

A
  1. DNA-RNA-protein
  2. RNA-RNA-protein
  3. RNA-DNA-RNA-protein
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5
Q

What are the three kinds of virus “shapes”

A

Helical, icosahedral, complex

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6
Q

What are the types for virus genetic material?

A

RNA: Linear single stranded, linear double stranded, circular single stranded, circular double stranded
DNA: Linear single stranded, linear double stranded, circular single stranded, circular double stranded

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7
Q

What is a capsid made out of?

A

Protein

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8
Q

Where is the gene that encodes the protein structure that is called the capsomere?

A

In the virus’ genome

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9
Q

What is a virus envelope made out of?

A

Lipid bilayer— derived from plasma membrane or any other membrane structure

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10
Q

What is the purpose of envelope glycoproteins?

A

Required for attachment to the host cell

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11
Q

Where does the envelope structure come from?

A

Stolen from the host cell

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12
Q

What is the difference between enveloped and naked viruses?

A

Enveloped: virus buds through the membrane and acquires the envelope without killing the host cell immediately— virus replication occurs for prolonged periods of time
Naked: cell lysis, all progeny is released

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13
Q

What are the two general pathways of virus evolution?

A

Co-evolution with host and infection of multiple host species

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14
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of co-evolution with host?

A

Advantage: prosperous host=prosperous virus
Disadvantage: host becomes extinct, so does virus
(Smallpox)

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15
Q

What is the advantage or disadvantage of Infection of multiple host species

A

Advantage: of one host species is compromised, virus can replicate in another
Disadvantage: cannot optimize for any one situation

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16
Q

What are the steps of all virus replication cycles?

A
  1. Virus adsorption/ attachment to host cell
  2. Genome (and any needed proteins) enter the cell
  3. Gene expression (Making the parts): Synthesis of viral mRNA, viral proteins, replication of genome
  4. Assembly of virus from parts
  5. Release from host cell
17
Q

What is a nucleocapsid?

A

A capsid with enclosed genome

18
Q

What are some additional layers that a virus an have besides capsid?

A
  • lipid bilayer envelope
  • layer of protein between capsid and envelope
  • internal lipid layers
  • protein occlusion bodies
19
Q

What is the function of the capsid?

A
  1. Protection for the genome

2. Delivery of virus’ genome to the location within the cell where the genome can be replicated and expressed

20
Q

What part of the virus particle binds to the host cell?

A

Naked: capsid structure to bind to the host cell
Envelope: envelope has structure to bind to host cell— (not capsid)

21
Q

What is required for a host cell to bind to a virus?

A
  • both must have complementary structures to interact (host cell has virus receptor, and virus has anti-receptor)
22
Q

What are the different strategies for a virus to put its genome into the cell?

A
  • only the genome enters the cell
  • the virus enters the cell in an endosome, genome is released to cytoplasm/nucleus
  • the virus envelope fuses to cell membrane, releasing genome into cytoplasm/nucleus
23
Q

Why is the capsid both stable and unstable?

A

Stable: to persist in environment
Unstable: allow for the release of the genome into the cell’s cytoplasm

24
Q

What might cause the capsid to change from a stable structure to an unstable structure?

A

Interaction with other proteins, changes in pH, cleavage of proteins, unfolding of proteins

25
Q

What is adsorption?

A

Random weak collisions that lead to attachment of the virus particle to the virus receptor

26
Q

What is attachment?

A

multiple molecular interactions that lead to a firm binding so that the virus’ genome can enter the cell

27
Q

What makes a host cell susceptible and permissive?

A

Susceptibility: ability for virus to get its genome into the host cell (cell surface structure)
Permissiveness: ability of the virus to replicate its genome in the host cell

28
Q

What is CD155

A

The poliovirus receptor that lives on human cells

MICB 202 (26 decks)

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