Virology Final Part 6 Flashcards
What are nucleoside analogs?
Nucleotides with an added phosphate group— molecules that resemble a nucleotide but stop the chain so it terminates the DNA polymerases
What are RT inhibitors?
Stop the virus from making a DNA copy that is integrated into the cell’s DNA after entry into the cell
What are protease inhibitors?
Stop the virus maturation after assembly and release, no functional RT or IN
What are integrase inhibitors?
Stop the virus from integrating its genome into the host cell DNA
What are entry inhibitors?
Chemokine receptor blockers: CCR5 receptor antagonists interfere with gp120 binding, CXCR4 doesn’t work because its also used for biological processes
What is the goal of anti-retro viral therapy?
- Prevent uninflected cells from getting infected
2. Ensure that there is no new virus production in infected cells (less than 50 copies per ml blood)
Why don’t vaccines work for HIV?
High mutation rate and contributes to resistance to anti-viral drugs
Exploiting the human protease to reveal the fusion peptide sounds like something ________ would do:
HIV— protease in the Golgi
Influenza— protease in resp. Secretions
What protein does COVID bind to on the human cell?
ACE-2 protein
What cleaves the spike protein to reveal the fusion peptide?
TMPRSS2, or endosomal acid protease (if there is no TMPRSS2)
What other virus does Covids 2 genome entry strategies resemble?
Endosome: Influenza
insertion from the membrane: HIV
What is the SARS-CoV2 genome structure?
(+) sense ssRNA, 29 proteins and 14 ORFs
What strategies does SARS-CoV2 use to yeild the genome?
- Polyprotein strategy
- RNA splicing
- Ribosome frame-shifting
How are the genomes encoded in SARS-CoV2? What virus is this backwards to?
5’ half: genome replication
3G half: structural and accessory proteins;
Polio
What are the 29 proteins for in Sars-CoV2?
- two-thirds encode 16 non-structural proteins (nsp 1–16) that make up the
replicase complex (this is extraordinary!).
• one-third encodes nine accessory proteins (e.g., proteases) and four
structural proteins [spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and
nucleocapsid (N)]
