Virology: Intro & DNA Viruses

Question 1

exchange of genes btwn 2 chromosomes

crossing over

Answer 1

recombination

Question 2

viruses w/ segmented genomes exchange segments

high frequency

Answer 2

reassortment

*influenza pandemics*

Question 3

1 of 2 viruses the infect the cell has a mutation

nonfunctional protein

Answer 3

complementation

*nonmutated virus complements the mutated one*

Question 4

simultaneous infections of a cell w/ 2 viruses

genome of virus A coated w/ surface proteins of B

determines tropism of hybrid virus

Answer 4

phenotypic mixing

Question 5

Vaccines

induce humoral & cell-mediated immunity

reverted to virulence rarely

Answer 5

live attenuated vaccines

Question 6

which viruses use live-attenuated vaccines

Answer 6

• Smallpox
• Yellow fever
• Chickenpox
• Sabin polio virus
• MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
• Influenza

Question 7

which viruses use killed vaccines

Answer 7

• Rabies
• Influenza
• Salk Polio
• HAV

Question 8

which viruses use recombinant vaccines

Answer 8

• HBV
• HPV (6, 11, 16, 18)

Question 9

all DNA viruses except ___________ are dsDNA

Answer 9

Parvoviridae

Question 10

all DNA viruses are linear except……

Answer 10

circular

• papillomavirus
• polyomavirus
• hepadnavirus

Question 11

all RNA viruses except _______ are ssRNA

Answer 11

Reoviridae

Question 12

positive stranded RNA viruses

Answer 12

• retrovirus
• togavirus
• flavivirus
• coronavirus
• hepevirus
• calicivirus
• picornavirus

Question 13

purified nucleic acids of most __DNA & __strand __RNA viruses are infectious

Answer 13

dsDNA

(+) strand

ssRNA

Question 14

all DNA viruses replicate in the ______

*except poxvirus*

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

all RNA viruses replicate in the ______

*except influenza virus & retroviruses*

Answer 15

cytoplasm

Question 16

Naked (nonenveloped) viruses

Answer 16

• Papillomavirus
• Adenovirus
• Parvovirus
• Polyomavirus
• Calicivirus
• Picornavirus
• Reovirus
• Hepevirus

Question 17

DNA virus characteristics

Answer 17

HHAPPPPy viruses

• Hepadnavirus
• Herpesvirus
• Adenovirs
• Poxvirus
• Parvovirus
• Papillomavirus
• Polyomavirus

Question 18

all DNA viruses are icosahedral except ______

Answer 18

pox (complex)

Question 19

acute or chronic hepatitis

Answer 19

Hepadnavirus (HBV)

Question 20

clinical diseases of Adenovirus

Answer 20

• Febrile pharyngitis (sore throat)
• Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
• Pneumonia
• Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”)

Question 21

clinical presentation of Parvovirus (B19)

Answer 21

• Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
• “slapped cheeks” rash in children
  
  • Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
• RBC destruction in fetus
  
  • Hydrops fetalis, death
• Pure RBC aplasia
• RA-like symptoms in adults

Question 22

clinical presentation of Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 22

• warts (1, 2, 6, 11)
• CIN
• cervical cancer (16, 18)

Question 23

clinical presentation of Polyomavirus (JC virus)

Answer 23

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

Question 24

clinical presentation of Polyomavirus (BK virus)

Answer 24

transplant patients

targets kidney

Question 25

clinical presentation of Poxvirus

Answer 25

* Smallpox * Cowpox * Molluscum contagiosum

Question 26

flesh-colored dome lesions central umbilicated dimple

Answer 26

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 27

clinical disease of HSV-1

Answer 27

* gingivostomatitis * keratoconjunctivitis * temporal lobe encephalitis * herpes labialis

Question 28

HSV-1 transmission

Answer 28

latent in trigeminal ganglia transmission by respiratory secretions, saliva

Question 29

clinical disease of HSV-2

Answer 29

* Herpes genitalis * Neonatal herpes

Question 30

HSV-2 transmission

Answer 30

latent in sacral ganglia transmitted by sexual contact, perinatally

Question 31

clinical disease of VZV

Answer 31

* Varicella-zoster (chickenpox, shingles) * Encephalitis * Pneumonia * complication: post-herpetic neuralgia

Question 32

VZV transmission

Answer 32

latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia transmitted by respiratory secretions

Question 33

mononucleosis characteristics

Answer 33

EBV * fever * hepatosplenomegaly * pharyngitis * lymphadenopathy (posterior cervical nodes)

Question 34

**EBV** transmission infection test

Answer 34

* respiratory secretions, saliva ("kissing disease") * infects B-cells * (+) monospot test

Question 35

associated w/ Hodgkin lymphoma, endemic Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 35

EBV

Question 36

clinical disease of CMV

Answer 36

* congenital infection * mononucleosis * pneumonia * retinitis

Question 37

"owl eye" inclusions

Answer 37

CMV

Question 38

CMV transmission

Answer 38

latent in mononuclear cells congenital, transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, transplant

Question 39

**HHV-6** clinical presentation transmission

Answer 39

* Roseola * high fevers for several days * seizures * diffuse macular rash * transmitted by saliva

Question 40

**HHV-8 ** clinical presentation patient population

Answer 40

* Kaposi sarcoma - neoplasm of endothelial cells * HIV/AIDS & transplant patients

Question 41

**HHV-8** what skin looks like other organs transmission

Answer 41

* dark/violaceous flat & nodular skin lesions * endothelial growths * GI tract & lungs * transmitted by sexual contact

Question 42

HSV identification * skin/genitalia * herpes encephalitis * genital herpes

Answer 42

intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions * viral culture * CSF PCR * Tzanck test