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First Aid: Microbiology > Basic Bacteriology > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

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1
Q

Circular (coccus)

  • Gram-positive
  • Gram-negative
A
  • Gram positive
    • **Staphylococcus **
    • Streptococcus
  • Gram negative
    • Neisseria
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2
Q

Rod (bacillus)

  • Gram positive
A
  • Clostridium
  • Corynebacterium
  • Bacillus
  • Listeria
  • Mycobacterium (acid fast)
  • Gardnerella (gram variable)
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3
Q

Rod (bacillus)

  • Gram negative (Enterics)
A
  • E. coli
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Yersinia
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Vibrio
  • Campylobacter
  • Helicobacter
  • Pseudomonas
  • Bacteroides
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4
Q

Rod (bacillus)

  • Gram negative (Respiratory)
A
  • Haemophilus (pleomorphic)
  • Legionella (silver)
  • Bordetella
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5
Q

Rod (bacillus)

  • Gram negative (Zoonotic)
A

“-ella”

  • Francisella
  • Brucella
  • Pasteurella
  • Bartonella
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6
Q

**Branching filamentous **

  • Gram positive
A
  • Actinomyces
  • Nocardia (weakly acid fast)
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7
Q

Pleomorphic

  • Gram negative
A
  • Rickettsiae (Giemsa)
  • Chlamydiae (Giemsa)
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8
Q

Spiral

  • Gram negative
A

“BLT”

  • Borrelia (Giemsa)
  • Leptospira
  • Treponema
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9
Q

No cell wall

  • Gram positive
A

Mycoplasma (doesn’t gram stain)

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10
Q

Which bugs have gram stain limitations?

A

These Microbes May Lack Real Color

  • Treponema
  • Mycobacteria
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella pneumophila
  • Rickettsia
  • Chlamydia
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11
Q

Stains

  • Giemsa
A

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience

  • Chlamydia
  • Borrelia
  • Rickettsiae
  • Trypanosomes
  • Plasmodium
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12
Q

Stains

  • PAS
A

PASs the sugar

  • glycogen
  • diagnosis of Whipple disease
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13
Q

Stains

  • Ziehl-Neelsen
A

Acid fast organisms

  • Nocardia
  • Mycobacterium
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14
Q

Stains

  • India ink
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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15
Q

Stains

  • Silver stain
A

Fungi

  • Legionella
  • Helicobacter pylori
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16
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

  • Nocardia
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
17
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air

  • Clostridium
  • Bacteroides
  • Actinomyces
18
Q

Obligate intracellular bugs

A

Stay inside cells when it’s Really Cold

  • Rickettsia
  • Chlamydia
19
Q

Facultative intracellular bugs

A

Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY

  • Salmonella
  • Neisseria
  • Brucella
  • Mycobacterium
  • Listeria
  • Francisella
  • Legionella
  • Yersinia pestis
20
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

SHiNE SKiS

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Strep (group B)
21
Q

Catalase-positive organisms

A

You need PLACESS for your cats

  • Pseudomonas
  • Listeria
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida
  • E. coli
  • S. aureus
  • Serratia
22
Q

Urease-positive bugs

A

CHuck Norris hates PUNKSS

  • Cryptococcus
  • H. pylori
  • Proteus
  • Ureaplasma
  • Nocardia
  • Klebsiella
  • S. epidermidis
  • S. saprophyticus
23
Q

Pigment-producing bacteria

A
  • Actinomyces israelii (yellow)
  • S. aureus (yellow)
  • Psuedomonas aeruginosa (blue-green)
  • Serratia marcescens (red)
24
Q

ENDOTOXIN

A
  • Edema
  • Nitric Oxide
  • DIC/Death
  • Outer membrane
  • TNF-α
  • O-antigen
  • eXtremely heat stable
  • IL-1
  • Neutrophil chemotaxis
25
Q

Categories of bugs w/ exotoxins

A
  • Inhibit protein synthesis
  • Increase fluid secretion
  • Inhibit phagocytic ability
  • Inhibit release of NT
  • Lyse cell membranes
  • Superantigens causing shock
26
Q

Bugs w/ exotoxins

  • Inhibit protein synthesis
A
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Psuedomonas aeruginosa
  • Shigella spp.
  • Enterhemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
27
Q

Bugs w/ exotoxins

  • Increase fluid secretion
A
  • Entertoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Vibrio cholerae
28
Q

**Bugs w/ exotoxins **

  • Inhibit phagocytic activity
A

Bordetella pertussis

29
Q

**Bugs w/ exotoxins **

  • Inhibit release of NT
A
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium botulinum
30
Q

**Bugs w/ exotoxins **

  • Lyse cell membranes
A
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
31
Q

**Bugs w/ exotoxins **

  • Superantigens causing shock
A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
32
Q

5 bacterial toxins encoded in a lysogenic phage

A

ABCDE

  • ShigA-like toxin
  • Botulinum toxin
  • Cholera toxin
  • Diphtheria toxin
  • Erythrogenic toxin of Strep pyogenes

First Aid: Microbiology (13 decks)

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