Clinical Bacteriology Flashcards
1
Q
Staphylococcus aureus causes….
A
- Inflammatory disease
- Toxin-mediated disease
- MRSA infection
2
Q
How does Toxic Shock Syndrome (S. aureus) present?
A
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Rash
- Desquamation
- Shock
- End-organ failure
3
Q
Staphylococcus epidermidis infects….
A
prosthetic devices & intravenous catheters
4
Q
___________ is the 2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women.
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
5
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes….
A
MOPS
- Meningitis
- Otitis media (children)
- Pneumonia
- Sinusitis
6
Q
Viridan’s group streptococci causes…
A
- dental caries (Streptococcus mutans)
- subacute bacterial endocarditis (S. sanguinis)
7
Q
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) causes….
A
-
Pyogenic
- pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
-
Toxigenic
- scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis
-
Immunologic
- rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
8
Q
J(<3)NES criteria for rheumatic fever
A
- Joints - polyarthritis
- <3 - carditis
- Nodules (subq)
- Erythema marginatum
- Sydenham chorea
9
Q
Scarlet fever triad
A
- Scarlet rash w/ sandpaper-like texture
- Strawberry tongue
- Circumoral pallor
10
Q
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) causes….
A
mainly in babies
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- sepsis
11
Q
Enterococci (group D) causes…
A
- UTI
- biliary tract infections
- subacute endocarditis
12
Q
Streptococcus bovis (group D) causes….
A
- colonizes the gut
- bacteremia & subacute endocarditis
- colon cancer patients
13
Q
Symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A
- pseudomembranous pharyngitis (gray-white membrane)
- lymphadenopathy
- myocarditis
- arrhythmias
14
Q
Corynebacterium diphtheriae pneumonic
A
ABCDEFG
- ADP-ribosylation
- Beta-prophage
- Corynebacterium
- Diphtheriae
- Elongation Factor 2
- Granules
15
Q
_________ causes spastic paralysis.
_________causes flaccid paralysis.
A
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
16
Q
reheated rice syndrome
A
Bacillus cereus
17
Q
the only gram (+) organism to produce LPS
A
Listeria monocytogenes
18
Q
What kind of TB?
- Ghon focus (mid-zone of lung)
- Fibrocaseous cavity lesion (upper lobes)
A
- Primary TB
- Secondary TB
19
Q
What are the 4 classic symptoms of TB?
A
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Hemoptysis
20
Q
What are the 2 forms of Hansen disease?
How do they differ?
A
-
Lepromatous
- Leonine (lion-like) facies
- Low cell-mediated immunity
- Humoral Th2 response
-
Tuberculoid
- Hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques
- High cell-mediated immunity
- Th1 type immune response
21
Q
Haemophilus pneumonic
A
HaEMOPhilus
- Epiglottitis
- “cherry red” in children
- Meningitis
- Otitis media
- Pneumonia
22
Q
How do you culture Legionella?
A
use silver stain –> grow on charcoal yeast extract culture w/ iron & cysteine
23
Q
Definitions
- Legionnaire’s disease
- Pontiac fever
A
-
Legionnaire’s disease
- Severe pneumonia
- Fever
- GI & CNS symptoms
-
Pontiac fever
- Mild flu-like syndrome
24
Q
Pseudomonas pneumonic
A
PSEUDOmonas
- Pneumonia (CF)
- Sepsis
- External otitis
- UTI
- Drug use
- Diabetic Osteomyelitis
25
Ecthyma gangrenosum
* rapidly progressive **necrotic cutaneous lesions** caused by *Pseudomonas* bacteremia
* immunocompromised patients
26
E. coli virulence factors
* **Fimbriae** - cystitis & pyelonephritis
* **K capsule** - pneumoni, neonatal meningitis
* **LPS endotoxin** - septic shock
27
**EIEC**
* Toxin & Mechanism
* Presentation
* invades intestinal mucosa
* necrosis & inflammation
* invasive, dysentery
28
**ETEC**
* Toxin & Mechanism
* Presentation
* heat-labile & heat-stable enterotoxins
* traveler's diarrhea (watery)
29
**EPEC**
* Toxin & Mechanism
* Presentation
* adheres to apical surface
* flattens villi, prevents absorption
* diarrhea in children (**P**ediatrics)
30
**EHEC**
* Toxin & Mechanism
* Presentation
* O157:H7 is the most common serotype
* **Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome**
* Anemia
* Thrombocytopenia
* Acute renal failure
* dysentery, doesn't ferment sorbitol
31
The 4 A's of Klebsiella
* **A**spiration pneumonia
* **A**bscess in lungs & liver
* **A**lcoholics
* di-**A**-betics
32
Typhoid fever
* Cause
* Characteristics
*Salmonella typhi*
* rose spots on the abdomen
* fever
* headache
* diarrhea
33
major cause of bloody diarrhea in children
Campylobacter jejuni
34
**Leptospirosis**
* Cause
* Characteristics
*Leptospira interrogans *
* flu-like symptoms
* jaundice
* photophobia w/ conjunctival suffusion
* erythema w/o exudate
35
Weil disease
* _icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis _
* severe from w/ jaundice & azotemia from liver & kidney dysfunction
* fever, hemorrhage & anemia
36
Lyme disease pneumonic
**FAKE** a Key **Lyme** pie
* Facial nerve palsy (bilateral)
* Arthritis
* Kardiac block
* Erythema migrans
37
primary syphilis
painless chancre
38
secondary syphilis
* secondary = systemic
* constitutional symptoms
* maculopapular rash (palms/soles)
* condylomata lata
39
tertiary syphilis
* gummas (chronic granulomas)
* aortitis (vasa vasorum destruction)
* neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)
* Argyll Robertson pupil
40
congenital syphilis
* saber shins
* saddle nose
* CN VIII deafness
* Hutchinson teeth
* mulberry molars
41
Argyll Robertson pupil
constricts w/ accommodation
not reactive to light
42
Anaplasmosis
Anaplasma spp.
43
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella spp.
44
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
45
relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
46
Brucellosis/undulant fever
Brucella spp.
47
bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter
48
Psittacosis
Chlamydophila psittaci
49
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
50
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
51
Tularemia
Francisella tularensis
52
Leptospirosis
Leptospira spp.
53
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
54
cellulitis, osteomyelitis
Pasteurella multocida
55
Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia proawazekii
56
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
57
Endemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi
58
Plague
Yersinia pestis
59
fishy smell
clue cells
vaginosis
Garderella vaginalis
60
**Rash**
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Typhus
* **Rocky Mountain spotted fever**
* starts at wrists & ankles
* spreads to trunk, palms, soles
* **Typhus**
* starts centrally & spreads out
* spares palms & soles
61
* monocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
* granulocytes w/ morulae in cytoplasm
* Ehrliciosis
* Anaplasmosis
62
2 forms of Chlamydiae
* Elementary body
* "Enfectious"
* Enters cell via Endocytosis
* Reticulate body
* Replicates in cell by fission
63
frequent outbreaks in military recruits & prisons
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
64
burn victims
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
65
red "currant jelly" sputum
Klebsiella
66
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started
due to killed bacteria releasing pyogenes
67
classic triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* headache
* fever
* rash (vasculitis)
