Systems Flashcards
1
Q
Normal flora: dominant
skin
A
S. epidermidis
2
Q
Normal flora: dominant
nose
A
S. epidermidis
colonized by S. aureus
3
Q
Normal flora: dominant
oropharynx
A
Viridans group streptococci
4
Q
Normal flora: dominant
dental plaque
A
S. mutans
5
Q
Normal flora: dominant
colon
A
B. fragilis > E. coli
6
Q
Normal flora: dominant
vagina
A
Lactobacillus
colonized by E. coli & group B strep
7
Q
food poisoning
reheated rice
A
B. cereus
8
Q
food poisoning
improperly canned foods
A
C. botulinum
9
Q
food poisoning
reheated meat dishes
A
C. perfringens
10
Q
food poisoning
undercooked meat
A
E. coli
O157:H7
11
Q
food poisoning
poultry, meat, eggs
A
Salmonella
12
Q
food poisoning
meats. mayonnaise, custard
preformed toxin
A
S. aureus
13
Q
food poisoning
contaminated seafood
A
V. parahaemolyticus
V. vulnificus
14
Q
bugs causing bloody diarrhea
A
- Campylobacter
- E. histolytica
- EHEC
- EIEC
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Y. enterocolitica
15
Q
bugs causing watery diarrhea
A
- C. difficile
- C. perfringens
- ETEC
- Protozoa
- V. cholerae
- Viruses
16
Q
common causes of pneumonia
neonates (<4 wks)
A
- Group B streptococci
- E. coli
17
Q
common causes of pneumonia
children (4 wks - 18 yrs)
A
Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum
- Viruses (RSV)
- Mycoplasma
- C. trachomatis (infants - 3 yrs)
- C. pneumoniae (school-aged children)
- S. pneumoniae
18
Q
common causes of pneumonia
adults (18-40 YO)
A
- Mycoplasma
- C. pneumoniae
- S. pneumoniae
19
Q
common causes of pneumonia
adults (40-65 YO)
A
- S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Anaerobes
- Viruses
- Mycoplasma
20
Q
common causes of pneumonia
elderly
A
- S. pneumoniae
- Influenza virus
- Anaerobes
- H. influenzae
- Gram-negative rods
21
Q
pneumonia
alcoholic/IV drug user
A
- S. pneumoniae
- Klebsiella
- Staphylococcus
22
Q
pneumonia
aspiration
A
Anaerobes
23
Q
pneumonia
atypical
A
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella
- Chlamydia
24
Q
pneumonia
cystic fibrosis
A
- Pseudomonas
- S. aureus
- S. pneumnoiae
25
pneumonia
immunocompromised
* Staphylococcus
* Enteric gram-negative rods
* Fungi
* Viruses
* P. jirovecii (w/ HIV)
26
pneumonia
nosocomial
* Staphylococcus
* Pseudomonas
* Other enteric gram negative rods
27
pneumonia
post-viral
* Staphylococcus
* H. influenzae
* S. pneumoniae
28
common causes of meningitis
newborn (0-6 mo)
* Group B streptococci
* E. coli
* Listeria
29
common causes of meningitis
children (6 mo - 6 yrs)
* S. pneumoniae
* N. meningitidis
* H. influenzae type B
* Enteroviruses
30
common causes of meningitis
6 - 60 YO
* S. pneumoniae
* N. meningitidis (#1 in teens)
* Enteroviruses
* HSV
31
common causes of meningitis
60 YO+
* S. pneumoniae
* Gram-negative rods
* Listeria
32
CSF findings in meningitis: **bacterial**
* opening pressure
* cell type
* protein
* sugar
* increased
* increased PMNs
* increased
* decreased
33
CSF findings in meningitis: **fungal/TB**
* opening pressure
* cell type
* protein
* sugar
* increased
* increased lymphocytes
* increased
* decreased
34
CSF findings in meningitis: **viral**
* opening pressure
* cell type
* protein
* sugar
* normal/increased
* increased lymphocytes
* normal/increased
* normal
35
osteomyelitis
assume if no other information available
S. aureus (most common overall)
36
osteomyelitis
sexually active
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare)
septic arthritis more common
37
osteomyelitis
diabetics & IVDA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Serratia
38
osteomyelitis
sickle cell
Salmonella
39
osteomyelitis
prosthetic joint replacement
S. aureus & S. epidermidis
40
osteomyelitis
vertebral involvement
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott disease)
41
osteomyelitis
cat & dog bites
Pasteurella multocida
42
most osteomyelitis occurs in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
children
43
clinical presentation of cystitis
* dysuria
* frequency
* urgency
* suprapubic pain
* WBCs in urine
44
clinical presentation of pyelonephritis
* fever
* chills
* flank pain
* costovertebral angle tenderness
* hematuria
* WBC casts
45
UTI bugs
* Escherichia coli
* Staphylococcus saprophyticus
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Serratia marcescens
* Enterobacter cloacae
* Proteus mirabilis
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
46
common vaginal infections
* Bacterial vaginosis
* Trichomoniasis
* Candida vulvovaginitis
47
**bacterial vaginosis**
signs/symptoms
lab findings
* no inflammation
* thin, white discharge w/ fishy odor
* clue cells
* pH \> 4.5
48
**trichomoniasis**
signs/symptoms
lab findings
* inflammation
* frothy, grey-green, foul-smelling discharge
* motile trichomonads
* pH \>4.5
49
**candida vulvovaginitis **
signs/symptoms
lab findings
* inflammation
* thick, white "cottage cheese" discharge
* pseudohyphae
* pH normal (4.0-4.5)
50
nonspecific signs common to TORCHES infections
* hepatosplenomegaly
* jaundice
* thrombocytopenia
* growth retardation
51
ToRCHeS infections
* **To**xoplasma gondii
* **R**ubella
* **C**MV
* **H**IV
* **He**rpes simplex virus-2
* **S**yphilis
52
red rashes of childhood
* Coxsackievirus type A
* HHV-6
* Measles virus
* Parvovirus B19
* Rubella virus
* Streptococcus pyogenes
* VZV
53
rash begins at the head & moves down
* Measles virus
* preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, blue white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
* Rubella virus
* fine truncal rash
* postauricular lymphadenopathy
54
vesicular rash begins on trunk
spreads to face & extremities
lesions of different ages
VZV (chickenpox)
55
"slapped cheek" rash on face
Parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
56
sexually transmitted diseases
* AIDS
* Chancroid
* Chlamydia
* Condylomata acuminata
* Genital herpes
* Gonorrhea
* Hepatitis B
* Lymphogranuloma venereum
* Primary syphilis
* Secondary syphilis
* Tertiary syphilis
* Trichomoniasis
57
top bugs of PID
* Chlamydia trachomatis (subacute)
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)
58
clinical presentation of PID
* cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign)
* purulent cervical discharge
59
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
* infection of the liver capsule
* "violin string" adhesions of peritoneum to liver
60
nosocomial infections
* Candida albicans
* CMV, RSV
* E. coli, Proteus mirabilis
* HBV
* Legionella
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
61
the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections
* E. coli (UTI)
* S. aureus (wound infection)
62
bugs affecting unimmunized children
rash
* rubella virus
* measles virus
63
bugs affected unimmunized children
meningitis
* H. influenzae type B
* Poliovirus
64
bugs affected unimmunized children
respiratory
* H. influenzae type B
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
