virology

Question 1

what is herpangina?

Answer 1

an oral lesion caused by enteroviruses causing small bright white vesicles on back of mouth
Can be case by cocksacki virus (just like hand foot and mouth)
a usually but can be b or echovirus

Question 2

oral hairy leucoplakia

Answer 2

ebstein barr virus (HIV patients)

Question 3

what is a virus

Answer 3

‘…submicroscopic entity

….consisting of a single nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat or capside

….capable of replication only within the cells of plants or animals

Question 4

why is ran different

Answer 4

Rna can be positive or negative sense may be negative and have to be converted to be positive before replicated

Question 5

viral capsid facts

Answer 5

The capsid is the protein coat surrounding the viral DNA or RNA

Can be a highly structured sphere or icosohedron.

Can coat the RNA or DNA directly

Question 6

viral envelope facts

Answer 6

Some viruses are surrounded by a lipid envelope. Stolen from host cell with antigens from them.
Don’t have to have envelope
Acquired from the cell.
Contains viral protein which are required for the virus to attach to and infect a new cell.
Non-enveloped viruses attach and infect cell directly via the capsid.

Question 7

what shape id herpes simplex

Answer 7

fried egg- capsized (yoke) inside and lipid envelope (white bit)

Question 8

what does the measles virus look like

Answer 8

helical capsized with lipid envelope

Question 9

influenza virus facts

Answer 9

lipid eveople and capside coating RNS with surface proteins

H1n1 antigens that sit on outside of virus

Question 10

adenovirus

Answer 10

no lipid envelope/surface proteins and capsid(icosahedral)

Question 11

viral life cycle

Answer 11

a) attachment
b) entry
c) replication and protein synthesises- viral replication
d) assembly
e) release-steals a bit of endothelium reticulum

Question 12

viral classification negatives

Answer 12

cannot be classified by disease as:
same virus can cause same symptoms of disease
same virus may cause different disease
some viruses don’t normally cause disease

Question 13

how are viruses classified

Answer 13

nucleic acid and replication strategy

Question 14

double stranded DNA virus examples

Answer 14

herpes virus(cold sores, chicken pox)
hepatitis B virus
Adenovirus ( can have several presentations)

Question 15

single stranded RNA virus

Answer 15

Influenza virus,
measles,
mumps
rhinovirus(common cold)
HEP C

Question 16

What is the difference between - and _ single stranded RNA

Answer 16

if it is - it needs to be converted to MRNA so it is an extra step - could this be good fro drug targeting??

Question 17

why is HIV not classes as RNA virus and what is it classed as instead

Answer 17

uses reverse transcriptase so called retroviruses

Question 18

single stranded dna examples

double stranded RNA examples

Answer 18

parvovirus (childhood rash)

rotavirus ( childhood diarrhoea)

Question 19

pathogenesis of certiorari viruses

Answer 19

Acute
e.g. measles, mumps, flu, cold – goes then better
Persistent- can become a asymptomatic carier of the virus
e.g. adenovirus
Latent
e.g. herpesvirus family-lie dormant
Reactivation
e.g. cold sores, shingles, often asymptomatic

Tissue damage by virus
e.g. oral herpes simplex

Secondary damage due to immune reaction to virus
e.g. acute hepatitis B virus infection huge immune cell attack inf makes you fell rubbish the bidy does not the virus

Question 20

when are infection more prominent

Answer 20

extremes of age
immunocomprimised
pregnant-e.g. chickenpox) and can effect te baby inutero or shortening of limbs or when born
Infections may affect the foetus (e.g. rubella, cytomegalovirus- gmv bad haring in children around school age and can rwcativate and gte multiple limed)

Question 21

new achievements in viral diagnosis

Answer 21

Traditional techniques (electron microscopy and viral culture) have made way for cutting edge techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction to detect viral RNA/DNA directly. 
Ig or igg to see if your immune system has had the virus and then polymerise it