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Dermatology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what virus causes both chicken pox and shingles

A

varicella zoster virus

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2
Q

what is caused by varicella

A

chickenpox

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3
Q

describe chickenpox

A

primary infection typically in childhood generalised rash, itch and fever, virus establishes latency in sensory nerve roots

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4
Q

what is shingles

A

dermatomal rash due to the reactivation of zoster or herpes zoster (typically in old age/ immunocompromised)

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5
Q

describe the chicken pox rash

A

macules to papules to vesicles to scabs to recovery- centripetal, density varies, inflamed skin

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6
Q

what are the possible complications of chickenpox

A

secondary bacterial, pneumonitis, haemorrhagic rash, scarring, enecphalitis

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7
Q

what are the predictors of severity of chicken pox

A

extermes of age, depressed cell mediated immunity

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8
Q

what causes neonatal chickenpox

A

secondary to chickenpox in mother in later pregnancy

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9
Q

how can neonatal chicken pox be prevented

A

varicella zoster immune globulin injection in susceptible women

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10
Q

describe the shingles rash

A

dermatomal unilateral distrubution, tingling pain to erythema to vesicles to crusts

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11
Q

describe zoster associated pain

A

neuralgic, gets worse with increasing age

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12
Q

what is post herpetic neuralgia

A

when pain persists beyond week four

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13
Q

what is opthalmic zoster

A

zoster infection of opthalmic division of trigemial nerve

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14
Q

which type of shingles requires urgent referral to opthamology

A

opthalmic zorster

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15
Q

why can children develop opthalmic zoster

A

if they get chicken pox in utero or become immunocompressed

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16
Q

what is ramsay hunt syndrome

A

vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat, facial pasley (7th nrve), irritation of 8th cranial nerve (deafness, vertigo, tinnitus)

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17
Q

who is the vaccine (live attenuated) for chickenpox used on in the uk

A

only susceptible health care workers

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18
Q

is there a vaccine for shingles

A

Same attenuated VZV used in chickenpox vaccine can be used in high titre preparation in elderly to reduce impact of shingles

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19
Q

what virus causes primary gingivostomatitis and extensive ulceration in and around mouth in pre school children

A

herpes simplex virus

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20
Q

descibe the recurrence of HSV in adults

A

blistering rash that can be spread to finger or eczema (eczema herpeticum)

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21
Q

what are the two types of HSV

A

type 1- main cause of oral lesions, 1/2 genital herpes, causes encephalitis

type 2- rare oral lesions, 1/2 genital, causes encephalitis and disseminated infection (esp. in neonates)

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22
Q

what is the treatment for HSV and how does it work

A

aciclovir- analouge of guanosine, incorporated into viral DNA inhibiting replication (doesnt eliminate latent virus)

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23
Q

what to test for lab confirmation of virus

A

swap (with viral transport medium) or antibody test if site inaccessible

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24
Q

what is erythema multiforme

A

target leions with erythema, triggers inc drugs and some infections (HSV, mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium)

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25
Q

what is molluscum contagiosum

A

fleshy, firm, umbilicated pearlescent nodules (1 to 2mm diameter)

self limiting, may take months to go

common in children, can be sexually transmitted

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26
Q

how can you treat molluscum contagiosum

A

mostly self limiting but can with liquid nitrogen

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27
Q

what virus causes warts and verucas

A

human papilloma virus

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28
Q

what other diseases are caused by HPV

A

genital warts, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer

29
Q

what is herpangina and what causes it

A

blistering rash on back of mouth

cause by enterovirus coxsackie, echovirus)

self limiting (swab lesion of sample stool for PCR)

30
Q

what is hand foot and mouth disease

A

caused by enteroviruses (esp. coxsackie)

typically in children, family outbreaks

31
Q

what are possible complications of HFMD

A

death- pulmonary oedema of neurogenic origin

32
Q

what is a viral cause of rash and acute athritis

A

parovirus B19 causing erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek disease)

33
Q

what does centripetal mean

A

densest in the middle

34
Q

inflamed skin is affected worse by chicken pox true or false

A

true (e.g sunburn)

35
Q

why do you get encephalitis due to chickenpox

A

if virus spreads to nervous system

36
Q

what can chicken pox in pregnancy cause

A

foetal varicella syndrome

37
Q

what is erythema multiforme

A

autoimmune reaction triggered by infection

38
Q

what is the most common symptom of parovirus 19 infection in children

A

florid red rash

39
Q

what are possible complications of parovirus B19

A

spontaneous abortion

apalstic clisis (sudden drop in haemoglobin)

chronic anaemia(in immunosuppressed)

40
Q

how does the lab confirm parovirus B19

A

antibody IgM test

41
Q

list symptoms of rubella

A

fever, sore throat, arthalgia, rash, diffue erythema, pain in oral cavity (haemorrhages)

42
Q

what is ORF

A

virus of sheep than can cause firm fleshy nodule on hands of farmers

43
Q

what is the presentation of primary syphilis infection

A

chancre (painless ulcers at site of entry)

44
Q

what is the presentation of the secondary phase of syphilis infection

A

red rash over body- coppery discolouration prominent on soles of feet and palms

mucous membrane ‘snail track’ ulcers

45
Q

what does the tertiary syphilis infection affect

A

CNS, cardiovascular, gummatous etc

possible to have aneursym on aorta causing pulsatile chest swelling

46
Q

what organism causes syphilis

A

bacterium trepnoema pallidum

47
Q

how do you diagnose syphilis

A

blood test, swap of chancre for PCR

48
Q

how is syphilis infected

A

injections of penicillin

49
Q

is syphilis more common in men or women

A

men

50
Q

what is erythema migrans

A

rash seen in early stages of lyme disease- has a raised palpable edge

51
Q

what is the vector and causative organism of lyme disease

A

ticks

bacteria- borrelia burgdorferi

52
Q

how does lyme disease present

A

early- erythema migrans

late- heart block, nerve palsies, arthritis

53
Q

how long does tick need to be attached to infect

A

24hrs

54
Q

how do you diagnose lyme disease

A

erythema migrans diagnostic or if late antibody blood test

55
Q

describe the symptom onset and resolution of zika

A

onset 3-12 hours after exposure

resolution 2-7 days after onset

56
Q

what are the symptoms of zika

A

mild fever, rash (mostly macropapular), headaches, arthralgia, myalgia, non purulent conjunctivitis

57
Q

what spreads zika

A

mosquito (aedes aegypti), sex

58
Q

what are the complications of zika

A

microcephaly and guillain barre syndrome

59
Q

what types of HPV cause viral warts

A

types 1-4

60
Q

what happens if viral warts are left intreated

A

may get worse initially but ultimately regress and disappear

61
Q

what are the treatments for viral warts

A

cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen)
surgery
topical salicylic acid
formealdehyde

62
Q

what type of HPV cause viral warts and are they cancerous

A

6-11 not cancerous

63
Q

what antiviral for shingle

A

aciclovir

64
Q

what type of HSV causes eczema herpeticum

A

HSP1

65
Q

what are features of parovirus B19

A

in urtero can cause spontaneous abortion

infection children often look and feel well

it causes erythema infectiosum

66
Q

what virsues cause herpangina (blistering rash at back of mouth)

A

coxsackie ad echo virsues

67
Q

what causes orf and what is the presentation

A

caused by a sheep virus, firm fleshy nodules on the hands of mostly farmers

68
Q

what is slapped cheek syndrome

A

erythema infectiosum- viral infection caused by parovirus B19, giving (mainly children) the appearance of red inflamed cheeks

Dermatology (23 decks)

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