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First Aid Micro > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology

A

Recombination

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2
Q

Viruses with segmented genomes (influenza) exchange segments. High-frequency recombination. Reason for worldwide influenza pandemics

A

Reassortment

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3
Q

When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein. The nonmutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses.

A

Complementation

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4
Q

Simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses. Genome of virus A surrounded with surface protein of virus B.

A

Phenotypic mixing

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5
Q

What type of vaccines induce humoral and CMI

A

Live attenuated vaccines

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6
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, Sabin polio, MMR, intranasal influenza

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7
Q

What vaccines induce ONLY humoral activity?

A

Killed/Inactivated vaccines: Rabies, injected influenza, Salk Polio, and HAV

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8
Q

Recombinant Vaccines

A

HBV, HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18

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9
Q

All DNA viruses (except Parvo) are:

A

dsDNA, Parvo is ssDNA

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10
Q

Circular DNA viruses

A

Papilloma-, Polyoma-, and Hepadnavireses

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11
Q

dsRNA virus

A

Reovirus

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12
Q

+RNA viruses

A

Retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus, coronavirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, picornavirus

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13
Q

DNA virus replication site

A

in nucleus, except poxvirus (cytoplasm)

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14
Q

RNA virus replication site

A

in cytoplasm, except influenza and retroviruses

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15
Q

Naked viruses

A

DNA - Papillomavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomavirus (PAPP)
RNA - Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, and Hepevirus

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16
Q

temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV-1 (DNA virus)

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17
Q

HHV-3

A

chickenpox and zoster (DNA virus)

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18
Q

EBV (HHV-4)

A

mononucleosis, Burkitt Lymphoma, HL

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19
Q

HHV-5

A

CMV, seen espcially in transplant recipients

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20
Q

roseola (exanthem subitum)

A

HHV-6

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21
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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22
Q

Partially dsDNA and circular

A

Hepadnavirus

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23
Q

Causes febrile pharyngitis (sore throat) and conjunctivitis

dsDNA and Linear

A

Adenovirus

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24
Q

Virus that leads to hydrops fetalis

A

Parvovirus B19

smallest DNA virus ssDNA and linear

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25
Q

Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients

A

JC virus from polyomavirus (dsDNA and circular)

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26
Q

Bad Kidney Transplant

A

BK virus from polyomavirus (dsDNA and circular)

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27
Q

virus associated with molluscum contagiosum

A

poxvirus (dsDNA linear)

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28
Q

lesions with central umbilicated dimple

A

molluscum contagiosum

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29
Q

Post-herpetic Neuralgia

A

VZV

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30
Q

(+) monospot test heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBC

A

EBV (herpesvirus)

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31
Q

(-) monospot Mononucleosis

A

CMV (herpesvirus)

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32
Q

owl’s eye inclusion

A

CMV (herpesvirus)

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33
Q

High fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash

A

HHV-6, Roseola

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34
Q

Dark/violaceous flat and nodular skin lesions

A

HHV-8, Kaposi Sarcoma

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35
Q

Tzanck Smear

A

Herpes

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36
Q

Intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions

A

Herpes (HSV-2)

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37
Q

1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children

A

Rotavirus, dsRNA (linear)

38
Q

Aseptic meningitis that is from Picornaviridae family

A

Echovirus

39
Q

“common cold”

A

Rhinovirus, (Picornaviridae)

40
Q

aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot and mouth disease; myocarditis and pericarditis

A

Coxsackievirus (Picornaviridae)

41
Q

HCV, yellow fever, Dengue, St. Louis Encephalitis, West Nile

A

Flaviviridae (ssRNA)

42
Q

Virus associated with Rubella

A

Togavirus (ssRNA +)

43
Q

complex and conical capsid ssRNA

A

HIV

44
Q

“common cold” and SARS

A

coronavirus

45
Q

8 segments in RNA

A

orthomyxovirus for influenza

46
Q

Causes bronchiolitis in babies

A

RSV (paramyxovirus)

47
Q

Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever

A

Filovirus (ssRNA, negative)

48
Q

2 segments, circular ssRNA

A

Arenaviruses

49
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

A

Arenavirus

50
Q

negative circular, 3 segmented RNA virus

A

Bunyavirus like Hantavirus

51
Q

Delta Virus

A

circular DNA virus, requires HBV co-infection

52
Q

Negative-stranded viruses

A

must bring its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus

53
Q

Segmented viruses

A

All RNA Viruses

Bunyavirus, Orthomyxovirus (influenza), Arenavirus, and Reovirus

54
Q

Viruses associated with Picornavirus

A

Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, HAV

55
Q

common cold virus that degrades with stomach acid

A

rhinovirus

56
Q

high fever, black vomit, jaundice

A

Yellow Fever

57
Q

Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K.
infantile gastroenteritis
acute diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

58
Q

promotes viral entry (influenza)

A

hemagglutinin

59
Q

promotes progeny virion release (influenza)

A

neuraminidase

60
Q

structure of influenza virius

A

enveloped (-) ssRNA with 8 segmented genome

61
Q

Genetic Shift

A

Cause pandemics. reassortment of viral genoma, human flu A recombines with swine flu A

62
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Causes epidemics. Changes based on random mutation.

63
Q

blueberry muffin baby

A

congenital rubella virus

64
Q

croup, seal-like barking cough

A

parainfluenza - a paramyxovirus

65
Q

F (fusion) protein

A 
the paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV)
the F protein cause respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells
66
Q

Drug to prevent pneumonia caused by RSV in premature infants

A

Palivizumab - monoclonal Ab against F protein

67
Q

Complication of measles

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

68
Q

Parotitis, Orchitis, Aseptic Meningitis

A

Mumps

69
Q

Negri bodies

A

Scabies

70
Q

Progression of Rabies Disease

A

fever & malaise > agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia > paralysis, coma > death

71
Q

HAV virus and transmission

A

RNA, picornavirus - fecal oral

72
Q

HBV virus and transmission

A

DNA hepadnavirus - parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal

73
Q

HCV virus and transmission

A

RNA flavivirus - blood

74
Q

HDV virus and transmission

A

RNA deltavirus - parenteral, sexual, materal-fetal
superinfection (HDV after HBV) short
co-infection (HDV with HBV) long

75
Q

HEV virus and transmission

A

RNA hepevirus, fecal oral

76
Q

Which of the Hepatitis infections cause high mortality in Pregnant women?

A

HEV

77
Q

gp120

A

attachment protein from HIV to host CD4+ T cells

78
Q

gag (p24)

A

capsid protein for HIV

79
Q

homozygous CCR5 mutation

A

immunity to HIV

80
Q

co-receptors on CD4 T-cells that HIV binds to

A

early - CCR5

late - CXCR4

81
Q

gp41

A

fusion and entry of HIV

82
Q

CD4 count in AIDS

A

<200cells/mm^3

83
Q

HIV gene for reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

A

pol

84
Q

oval yeast cells within macrophages when CD4+ are <100cells/mm^3

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

85
Q

acid-fast cysts seen in stool especially when CD4+ <200cells/mm^3

A

Cryptosporidium spp

86
Q

Abscesses, ring-enhancing lesions - What is the CD4 cell count and Disease?

A

Toxoplasma gondii, <100cells/mm^3

87
Q

Meningitis when CD4 is <50cells/mm^3

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

88
Q

Cotton-wool spots on fundoscopic exam. Cause and CD4 count?

A

CMV and <50cells/mm^3

89
Q

Cell count with pneumocystis jerovecii

A

CD4 <200cells/mm^3

90
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex CD4+ count

A

<50

91
Q

Disease where normal alpha helix proteins switch to beta-pleated amd resist protease degradation

A

Prion Disease

First Aid Micro (7 decks)

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