Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First Aid Micro > Basic Bacteriology > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoteichoic acid induces what?

A

TNF and IL-1

Lipoteichoic acid is from Gram (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is resistant to dehydration, heat and chemicals?

A

spore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

capsules are made of what? and what is the exception?

A

polysaccharide

exception: Bacillus anthracis is D-glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spiral, Gram Negatives

A

boreelia, leptospira, treponema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mycolic acid

A

mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sterols and no cell wall

A

mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 organisms that are pleomorphic

A

Rickettsiae & Chlamydiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bugs that don’t Gram stain well

A

Treponema, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bugs that Giemsa Stain

A

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosome, Plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PAS stain

A

stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides: diagnoses Whipple dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

A

acid-fast organisms like Nocardia and Mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mucicarmine stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

silver stain

A

fungi, legionella, H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Culture for H. influenza

A

chocolate agar with factors V (NAD) and X (heme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thayer Martin cultures what organisms?

A

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Substances found in Thayer Martin

A

Vancomycin to inhibit Gram (+)
Polymyxin to inhibit Gram (-) except neisseria
Nystatin to inhibit fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen Agar

A

M. tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Agar for M. pneumonia

A

Eaton agar, requires cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MacConkey agar and what the colony colors mean

A

Pink colonies - lactose fermenting for ETEC, EIEC, etc

Clear colonies - EHEC, doesn’t ferment lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eosin-methylene blue agar

A

E. coli - colonies are a green metalic sheen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Agar for Legionella

A

Charcoal Yeast Extract with cysteine and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bug that is reactivated when immune compromised or on TNF-alpha inhibitors, and where it is located

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, apices of the lungs because highest pO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bug seen in burn wounds, complication of diabetes, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonias in CF
P. aeruginosa (this is an obligate aerobe)
26
ABCs for obligate anaerobes
Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium
27
top 3 vaccines to give to asplenic patients
S. pneumonia, H. influenza, N. meningitidis
28
encapsulated bacteria
strep pneumonia, Hib, N. meningitidis, E. coli, salmonella, Klebsiella pneumonia, and group B strep SHiNE SKiS
29
catalase positive organisms
pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E. coli, A. aurea, Serratia these are what cause chronic infections in those with Chronic granulomatous disease
30
Urease positive Organisms
H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, E. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
31
yellow sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii (isreal has yellow sand)
32
yellow pigment
S. aureus
33
blue-green pigment
pseudomonas aeruginosa
34
red pigment
serratia marcescens (think of red maraschino cherries)
35
MoA for Protein A and what bug does it belong to?
Binds Fc region of IgG. Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. S. aureus
36
IgA protease
Used to colonize respiratory tract | S. pneumonia, Hib, Neisseria
37
M protein
prevents phagocytosis - in group A strep (S. pyogenes)
38
Diphtheria Toxin
Corynebacterium diphtheriae | inactivates elongation factor (EF2)
39
psuedomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck)
C. diphtheria
40
Exotoxin A for P. aeruginosa
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin | inactivates EF2
41
ADP ribosylating A-B toxin
B is for binding to host cell surface receptor for endocytosis A is for component that attaches ADP-ribosyl to disrupt host cell protein Seen in P. aeruginosa, EHEC, ETEC, Vibrio cholera, B. pertussis
42
Shiga toxin
shigella, inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
43
2 organisms that can cause HUS
EHEC and Shigella
44
Shiga-like toxin
EHEC, inactivates 60S ribosome
45
Heat labile toxin MoA
ETEC | increase cAMP to increase chloride secretion
46
Heat stable toxin MoA
ETEC | increase cGMP to decrease NaCl & H2O reabsorption
47
edema factor MoA
bacillus anthracis | mimics adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP
48
cholera toxin MoA
permanently activates Gs to increase AC in thus increase cAMP - Chloride secretion and H2O efflux
49
Rice water diarrhea
Vibrio Cholera
50
Causes 100 day cough in adults
B. pertussis
51
Pertussis Toxin
disables Gi to impair phagocytosis of the microbe (increase cAMP)
52
Toxins that cleave SNARE required for NT release
tetanospasmin - C. tetani | Botulinum toxin - C. botulinum
53
toxin that prevent the release of ACh and the effects
Botulinum, flaccid paralysis
54
Toxin that inhibit release of GABA and the effects
tetanospasmin - lockjaw, risus sardonicus, spastic
55
Alpha Toxin
C. perfringens - lecithinase to degrade cell tissue
56
double zone hemolysis on blood agar
C. perfringens
57
gas gangrene
C. perfringens
58
lyses RBCs, beta hemolysis, toxin is streptolysin O
S. pyogenes
59
Exotoxin A for S pyogenes
bring MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside Ag binding site to cause BIG release of IFN-gamma and IL2
60
IL1
Fever, released by macrophages
61
TNF
Fever and hypotension, released by macrophages
62
complement that causes neutrophil chemotaxis
C5a
63
complement that causes hypotension and edema
C3a
64
ability to take up DNA
Transformation
65
bugs that can do transformation
S. pneumonia, H. influenza type B, Neisseria
66
high frequency recombination
when an F+ plasmid becomes incorporated into bacterial chromosomal DNA
67
segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another, can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
Transposition
68
Lytic Phage transfers DNA how?
generalized transduction - a packaging event where parts of bacterial chromosomes are packaged into a viral capsule and that phage infects another bacteria
69
Lysogenic Phage transfers DNA how?
Specialized Transduction - an excision event occurs when viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome
70
Jenny's Favorite Color
Blue!

First Aid Micro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions