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First Aid Micro > Basic Bacteriology > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoteichoic acid induces what?

A

TNF and IL-1

Lipoteichoic acid is from Gram (+)

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2
Q

what is resistant to dehydration, heat and chemicals?

A

spore

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3
Q

capsules are made of what? and what is the exception?

A

polysaccharide

exception: Bacillus anthracis is D-glutamate

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4
Q

Spiral, Gram Negatives

A

boreelia, leptospira, treponema

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5
Q

mycolic acid

A

mycobacteria

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6
Q

sterols and no cell wall

A

mycobacteria

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7
Q

2 organisms that are pleomorphic

A

Rickettsiae & Chlamydiae

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8
Q

Bugs that don’t Gram stain well

A

Treponema, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia

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9
Q

Bugs that Giemsa Stain

A

Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosome, Plasmodium

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10
Q

PAS stain

A

stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides: diagnoses Whipple dx

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11
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

A

acid-fast organisms like Nocardia and Mycobacterium

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12
Q

Mucicarmine stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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13
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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14
Q

silver stain

A

fungi, legionella, H. pylori

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15
Q

Culture for H. influenza

A

chocolate agar with factors V (NAD) and X (heme)

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16
Q

Thayer Martin cultures what organisms?

A

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

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17
Q

Substances found in Thayer Martin

A

Vancomycin to inhibit Gram (+)
Polymyxin to inhibit Gram (-) except neisseria
Nystatin to inhibit fungi

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18
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen Agar

A

M. tuberculosis

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19
Q

Agar for M. pneumonia

A

Eaton agar, requires cholesterol

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20
Q

MacConkey agar and what the colony colors mean

A

Pink colonies - lactose fermenting for ETEC, EIEC, etc

Clear colonies - EHEC, doesn’t ferment lactose

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21
Q

Eosin-methylene blue agar

A

E. coli - colonies are a green metalic sheen

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22
Q

Agar for Legionella

A

Charcoal Yeast Extract with cysteine and iron

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23
Q

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

A

Fungi

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24
Q

Bug that is reactivated when immune compromised or on TNF-alpha inhibitors, and where it is located

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, apices of the lungs because highest pO2

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25
Q

Bug seen in burn wounds, complication of diabetes, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonias in CF

A

P. aeruginosa (this is an obligate aerobe)

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26
Q

ABCs for obligate anaerobes

A

Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium

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27
Q

top 3 vaccines to give to asplenic patients

A

S. pneumonia, H. influenza, N. meningitidis

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28
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A

strep pneumonia, Hib, N. meningitidis, E. coli, salmonella, Klebsiella pneumonia, and group B strep
SHiNE SKiS

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29
Q

catalase positive organisms

A

pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E. coli, A. aurea, Serratia
these are what cause chronic infections in those with Chronic granulomatous disease

30
Q

Urease positive Organisms

A

H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, E. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

31
Q

yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii (isreal has yellow sand)

32
Q

yellow pigment

A

S. aureus

33
Q

blue-green pigment

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

34
Q

red pigment

A

serratia marcescens (think of red maraschino cherries)

35
Q

MoA for Protein A and what bug does it belong to?

A

Binds Fc region of IgG. Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis.
S. aureus

36
Q

IgA protease

A

Used to colonize respiratory tract

S. pneumonia, Hib, Neisseria

37
Q

M protein

A

prevents phagocytosis - in group A strep (S. pyogenes)

38
Q

Diphtheria Toxin

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

inactivates elongation factor (EF2)

39
Q

psuedomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck)

A

C. diphtheria

40
Q

Exotoxin A for P. aeruginosa

A

ADP ribosylating A-B toxin

inactivates EF2

41
Q

ADP ribosylating A-B toxin

A

B is for binding to host cell surface receptor for endocytosis
A is for component that attaches ADP-ribosyl to disrupt host cell protein
Seen in P. aeruginosa, EHEC, ETEC, Vibrio cholera, B. pertussis

42
Q

Shiga toxin

A

shigella, inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

43
Q

2 organisms that can cause HUS

A

EHEC and Shigella

44
Q

Shiga-like toxin

A

EHEC, inactivates 60S ribosome

45
Q

Heat labile toxin MoA

A

ETEC

increase cAMP to increase chloride secretion

46
Q

Heat stable toxin MoA

A

ETEC

increase cGMP to decrease NaCl & H2O reabsorption

47
Q

edema factor MoA

A

bacillus anthracis

mimics adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP

48
Q

cholera toxin MoA

A

permanently activates Gs to increase AC in thus increase cAMP - Chloride secretion and H2O efflux

49
Q

Rice water diarrhea

A

Vibrio Cholera

50
Q

Causes 100 day cough in adults

A

B. pertussis

51
Q

Pertussis Toxin

A

disables Gi to impair phagocytosis of the microbe (increase cAMP)

52
Q

Toxins that cleave SNARE required for NT release

A

tetanospasmin - C. tetani

Botulinum toxin - C. botulinum

53
Q

toxin that prevent the release of ACh and the effects

A

Botulinum, flaccid paralysis

54
Q

Toxin that inhibit release of GABA and the effects

A

tetanospasmin - lockjaw, risus sardonicus, spastic

55
Q

Alpha Toxin

A

C. perfringens - lecithinase to degrade cell tissue

56
Q

double zone hemolysis on blood agar

A

C. perfringens

57
Q

gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

58
Q

lyses RBCs, beta hemolysis, toxin is streptolysin O

A

S. pyogenes

59
Q

Exotoxin A for S pyogenes

A

bring MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside Ag binding site to cause BIG release of IFN-gamma and IL2

60
Q

IL1

A

Fever, released by macrophages

61
Q

TNF

A

Fever and hypotension, released by macrophages

62
Q

complement that causes neutrophil chemotaxis

A

C5a

63
Q

complement that causes hypotension and edema

A

C3a

64
Q

ability to take up DNA

A

Transformation

65
Q

bugs that can do transformation

A

S. pneumonia, H. influenza type B, Neisseria

66
Q

high frequency recombination

A

when an F+ plasmid becomes incorporated into bacterial chromosomal DNA

67
Q

segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another, can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa

A

Transposition

68
Q

Lytic Phage transfers DNA how?

A

generalized transduction - a packaging event where parts of bacterial chromosomes are packaged into a viral capsule and that phage infects another bacteria

69
Q

Lysogenic Phage transfers DNA how?

A

Specialized Transduction - an excision event occurs when viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome

70
Q

Jenny’s Favorite Color

A

Blue!

First Aid Micro (7 decks)

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