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Mycology And Virology > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

0
Q

Seen on the surface of icosahedral virus particles

A

Capsomeres

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1
Q

The protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome

A

Capsid

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2
Q

A virus particle that is functionally deficient in some aspect of replication

A

Defective virus

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3
Q

Lipid containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles

A

Envelope

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4
Q

Virus encoded glycoprotein projections that exposed on the surface of the envelope

A

Peplomers

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5
Q

Protein nucleic acid complex representing packaged form of the viral genome

A

Nucleocapsid

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6
Q

Genome with capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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7
Q

Structure for penetration or attachment

A

Spikes

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8
Q

Structural unit

A

Protomer

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9
Q

Single folded viral polypeptide chain

A

Subunit

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10
Q

The complete virus particle

A

Virion

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11
Q

Caused infection with genome alone without capsid

A

Viriods

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12
Q

Proteinous infection particle

A

Prions

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13
Q

Proteins that could cause infection

A

Prions

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14
Q

Treatment for prions

A

Incineration

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15
Q

Clinical manifestation of prions

A

Borne-spongy-form encelopathy

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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16
Q

Group 1-2in Baltimore classification

A

DNA viruses
1-dsDNA virus
2-ssDNA virus

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17
Q

Group 3-5 in Baltimore classification

A

3-dsRNA virus
4-positive sense ssRNA
5-negative sense ssRNA

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18
Q

Group 6

A

Reverse transcribing RNA virus

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19
Q

Group 7

A

Reverse transcribing DNA virus

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20
Q

First step in viral replication

A

Attachment
Absorption
Adhesion

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21
Q

Poliovirus receptor

A

Immune globulin superfamily molecules

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22
Q

Rabies virus receptor

A

Acerylcholine

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23
Q

Influenza virus receptor

A

Sialic acid

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24
Q

HIV receptor

A

CD4

25
Q

Epstein Barr virus receptor

A

Complement receptor C3d

26
Q

General characteristic of a virus

A

Obligate intracellular parasite

27
Q

Second step in viral replication

A

Penetration or engulfment

28
Q

Three ways for releasing genetic material to cell

A
  • endocytosis
  • naked virions can directly penetrate the cell membrane
  • fusion of the virion envelope with the plasma membrane
29
Q

Physical separation of the viral nucleic acid from the outer structural components of the virion so that it can function

A

Uncoating

30
Q

RNA virus releases their genome into the

A

Cytoplasm

31
Q

DNA viruses release their genome into the

A

Host nucleus

32
Q

Stage in viral replication wherein the. Umber of genetic material inside the cell increases

A

Replication

33
Q

Formation of protein content.

A

Synthesis

34
Q

When do we collect specimen? Why?

A

ASAP because viral shedding is usually greatest during the early stages of infection

35
Q

Preferred manner of specimen collection

A

Aspiration

36
Q

Preferred swab to be used

A

Dacron or rayons

37
Q

This swabs inhibit the replication of some viruses

A

Calcium alginate

38
Q

tissue samples must be kept?

A

Moist

39
Q

These are added to sterile containers to keep tissues from drying out

A

Viral transport medium
Saline
TSB

40
Q

Transport media are consist of

A

Buffered isotonic solution with some type of protein

41
Q

Samples that can be collected with viral transport media are

A

Respiratory
Swab
Tissue samples

42
Q

Samples that should be collected without viral transport media

A 
Blood
Bone marrow
CSF
Amniotic fluid
Urine
Pericardial and pleural fluid
43
Q

If specimens cannot be processed immediately store at this temperature

A

4C

44
Q

Specimen is frozen and held at

A

-70C

45
Q

Specimen should not be stored at this temperature because it facilitates the formation of ice crystals

A

-20C

46
Q

Four methods to diagnose viral infection

A

Direct detection
Nucleic acid based detection
Isolation of viruses in cell cultures
Serologic assay

47
Q

Characteristic visual changes in infected cells produced by viruses

A

Cytopathic effect CPE

48
Q

Can Detect Cowdry type A bodies from herpes simplex virus

A

Tzanck smear

49
Q

Can reveal HPV associated koilocytosis squamous cells with an enlarged nucleus surrounded by nonstaining halo

A

Papanicolaou smear (pap)

50
Q

Rabies is diagnosed by detecting

A

Negri bodies

51
Q

Example of nucleic acid based detection

A

Polymerase chain reaction

PCR

52
Q

Gold standard

A

Viral isolation

53
Q

To indicate culture of cells in vitro.

Not organized into a tissue

A

Cell cultures

54
Q

Used to denote growth of tissues or an organ in a way that preserves the architecture or function of tissue or organ

A

Tissue or organ culture

55
Q

Obtained from tissue removed from an animal

A

Primary cell culture

56
Q

Examples of primary cell cultures

A 
Human embryonic kidney HEK
Rabbit kidney RK
Primary monkey kidney PMK
Rhesus monkey kidney RMK
Cytomolgus monkey kidney CMK
African green monkey kidney AGMK
57
Q

Subcultured primary cell culture >75% of cells have the same karyotype as normal cell

A

Diploid cell line

58
Q

Example of diploid cell line

A

Human embryonic lung with 38 MRC-From

Human diploid fibroblast

59
Q

Heteroploid or immortal cell lines <75% of cells have the same karyotyoe of the normal cell lines

A

Continuous cell line

60
Q

Example of continuous cell line

A 
Human cervical carcinoma
Carcinoma of the human larynx
Nasopharyngeal  carcinoma
Human lung carcinoma
AGMK

Mycology And Virology (5 decks)

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