Virology

Question 0

Seen on the surface of icosahedral virus particles

Answer 0

Capsomeres

Question 1

The protein shell or coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome

Answer 1

Capsid

Question 2

A virus particle that is functionally deficient in some aspect of replication

Answer 2

Defective virus

Question 3

Lipid containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles

Answer 3

Envelope

Question 4

Virus encoded glycoprotein projections that exposed on the surface of the envelope

Answer 4

Peplomers

Question 5

Protein nucleic acid complex representing packaged form of the viral genome

Answer 5

Nucleocapsid

Question 6

Genome with capsid

Answer 6

Nucleocapsid

Question 7

Structure for penetration or attachment

Answer 7

Spikes

Question 8

Structural unit

Answer 8

Protomer

Question 9

Single folded viral polypeptide chain

Answer 9

Subunit

Question 10

The complete virus particle

Answer 10

Virion

Question 11

Caused infection with genome alone without capsid

Answer 11

Viriods

Question 12

Proteinous infection particle

Answer 12

Prions

Question 13

Proteins that could cause infection

Answer 13

Prions

Question 14

Treatment for prions

Answer 14

Incineration

Question 15

Clinical manifestation of prions

Answer 15

Borne-spongy-form encelopathy

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 16

Group 1-2in Baltimore classification

Answer 16

DNA viruses
1-dsDNA virus
2-ssDNA virus

Question 17

Group 3-5 in Baltimore classification

Answer 17

3-dsRNA virus
4-positive sense ssRNA
5-negative sense ssRNA

Question 18

Group 6

Answer 18

Reverse transcribing RNA virus

Question 19

Group 7

Answer 19

Reverse transcribing DNA virus

Question 20

First step in viral replication

Answer 20

Attachment
Absorption
Adhesion

Question 21

Poliovirus receptor

Answer 21

Immune globulin superfamily molecules

Question 22

Rabies virus receptor

Answer 22

Acerylcholine

Question 23

Influenza virus receptor

Answer 23

Sialic acid

Question 24

HIV receptor

Answer 24

CD4

Question 25

Epstein Barr virus receptor

Answer 25

Complement receptor C3d

Question 26

General characteristic of a virus

Answer 26

Obligate intracellular parasite

Question 27

Second step in viral replication

Answer 27

Penetration or engulfment

Question 28

Three ways for releasing genetic material to cell

Answer 28

- endocytosis - naked virions can directly penetrate the cell membrane - fusion of the virion envelope with the plasma membrane

Question 29

Physical separation of the viral nucleic acid from the outer structural components of the virion so that it can function

Answer 29

Uncoating

Question 30

RNA virus releases their genome into the

Answer 30

Cytoplasm

Question 31

DNA viruses release their genome into the

Answer 31

Host nucleus

Question 32

Stage in viral replication wherein the. Umber of genetic material inside the cell increases

Answer 32

Replication

Question 33

Formation of protein content.

Answer 33

Synthesis

Question 34

When do we collect specimen? Why?

Answer 34

ASAP because viral shedding is usually greatest during the early stages of infection

Question 35

Preferred manner of specimen collection

Answer 35

Aspiration

Question 36

Preferred swab to be used

Answer 36

Dacron or rayons

Question 37

This swabs inhibit the replication of some viruses

Answer 37

Calcium alginate

Question 38

tissue samples must be kept?

Answer 38

Moist

Question 39

These are added to sterile containers to keep tissues from drying out

Answer 39

Viral transport medium Saline TSB

Question 40

Transport media are consist of

Answer 40

Buffered isotonic solution with some type of protein

Question 41

Samples that can be collected with viral transport media are

Answer 41

Respiratory Swab Tissue samples

Question 42

Samples that should be collected without viral transport media

Answer 42

``` Blood Bone marrow CSF Amniotic fluid Urine Pericardial and pleural fluid ```

Question 43

If specimens cannot be processed immediately store at this temperature

Answer 43

4C

Question 44

Specimen is frozen and held at

Answer 44

-70C

Question 45

Specimen should not be stored at this temperature because it facilitates the formation of ice crystals

Answer 45

-20C

Question 46

Four methods to diagnose viral infection

Answer 46

Direct detection Nucleic acid based detection Isolation of viruses in cell cultures Serologic assay

Question 47

Characteristic visual changes in infected cells produced by viruses

Answer 47

Cytopathic effect CPE

Question 48

Can Detect Cowdry type A bodies from herpes simplex virus

Answer 48

Tzanck smear

Question 49

Can reveal HPV associated koilocytosis squamous cells with an enlarged nucleus surrounded by nonstaining halo

Answer 49

Papanicolaou smear (pap)

Question 50

Rabies is diagnosed by detecting

Answer 50

Negri bodies

Question 51

Example of nucleic acid based detection

Answer 51

Polymerase chain reaction | PCR

Question 52

Gold standard

Answer 52

Viral isolation

Question 53

To indicate culture of cells in vitro. | Not organized into a tissue

Answer 53

Cell cultures

Question 54

Used to denote growth of tissues or an organ in a way that preserves the architecture or function of tissue or organ

Answer 54

Tissue or organ culture

Question 55

Obtained from tissue removed from an animal

Answer 55

Primary cell culture

Question 56

Examples of primary cell cultures

Answer 56

``` Human embryonic kidney HEK Rabbit kidney RK Primary monkey kidney PMK Rhesus monkey kidney RMK Cytomolgus monkey kidney CMK African green monkey kidney AGMK ```

Question 57

Subcultured primary cell culture >75% of cells have the same karyotype as normal cell

Answer 57

Diploid cell line

Question 58

Example of diploid cell line

Answer 58

Human embryonic lung with 38 MRC-From | Human diploid fibroblast

Question 59

Heteroploid or immortal cell lines <75% of cells have the same karyotyoe of the normal cell lines

Answer 59

Continuous cell line

Question 60

Example of continuous cell line

Answer 60

``` Human cervical carcinoma Carcinoma of the human larynx Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Human lung carcinoma AGMK ```