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Micro Exam - LGR > Viral Zooneses > Flashcards

Viral Zooneses Flashcards

1
Q

Arboviruses are defined as viruses that are…?

A

Viruses that are transmitted via arthropods to humans.

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2
Q

The arboviruses that fit into the Flaviviruses are?

A

Dengue fever, Yellow fever, and Zika viruses.

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3
Q

What arboviruses are within the Togavirus family?

A

Chikungunya

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4
Q

What arboviruses are found within the bunyaviruses?

A

La Crosse

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5
Q

What arboviruses are found within the Reovirus family?

A

Colorado Tick Fever

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6
Q

Filoviruses that are spread from other mamalls gives rise to what disease?

A

Ebola!

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7
Q

Bunyaviruses from mammals includes what virus type?

A

Hantaviruses (Sin Nombre Virus)

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8
Q

What are the three clinical syndromes of Denue Virus?

A

Dengue fever
Dengue Hemmorrhagic Fever
Dengue Shock Syndrome

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9
Q

Where does Dengue fever incubate within mosquitos?

A

Within the salivary glands and stomach. Can then be passed directly to humans (urban route) or to monkeys then to humans (non urban)

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10
Q

What does an infection by dengue fever look like?

A

Initial fever/ head ache/ periorbital pressure etc lasting up to a week followed by a 1-2 week convalescense period.

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11
Q

What is dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome?

A

5% of individuals with dengue virus will develop DHF
Presents initially like dengue fever then as fever subsudes pt becomes restless/lethargic and develops skin hemorrhages and epistaxis, bleeding gums, hematemesis, and melena.

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12
Q

Why does DHF/DSS occur?

A

Two theories:

1) DHF is from hyper vrulent strain of dengue.
2) DHF develops following previous dengue infection leading to easier ability for dengue to replicate in macrophages and cause vascular leakage.

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13
Q

How does Yellow fever present?

A

75% of cases are asymptomatic but some will present with an acute phase similar to dengue but will improve within a few days.

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14
Q

What is Yellow Fever?

A

Yellow fever occurs within 15% of patients when they enter a toxic phase within 24 hours of infection.
Pt has a reappearing fever and jaundice of the skin withh bleeding from the mouth nose, eyes and or stomach.
Kidney fct deteriorates.
20-50% of pt die within 10-14 days.

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15
Q

How is yellow fever diagnosed?

A

Detection of anti-YFV antibodies via PCR

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16
Q

How is Yellow fever treated?

A

Supportive therapy, rehydration.

17
Q

Does Yellow fever have a vaccine?

A

Yes, it allows protection for at least 10 years and is recommended for travelers to high-risk areas. It is also required for entry to many countries.

18
Q

What are the clinical features of the Zika virus?

A

The zika virus develops in less than 20% of infected individuals with symptoms including headache, fever, rash, muscle and joint pain and conjunctitis.

19
Q

What is the treatment for Zika virus/ vaccine?

A

There is none.

20
Q

What are three complications associated with the zika virus?

A

Sexually transmitted
Microencephaly in pregnancys
Gillion Barre Syndrome.

21
Q

What is the key word associated with what chikungunya causes?

A

A bent over stooped appearance due to painful arthralgia.

22
Q

How is chikengunya transfered?

A

Transferred via mosquitos!

23
Q

What is the primary resevoir for chikungunya?

A

Humans are the primary resevoir although other animals have been infected with it as well.

24
Q

What is the acute presentation of a patient infected with chikungunya?

A

3-10 days pt will display very high fever, severe joint pain and swelling, headache and diffuse back pain amongst others.

After 1 week pt will feel improvements, others will have joint pain for months.

25
Q

How is Chikungunya distinguished from Dengue fever?

A

Antibodies specific to this virus can be detected!

It is believed long lasting immunity can be developed against this virus.

26
Q

This virus is known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

A

Hanta Virus

27
Q

Hanta viruses are named based on the host. What is the typical host for this virus?

A

Rodents are the main apparent host of the Hanta viruses.

28
Q

How is the Hanta virus transmitted?

A

It is passed from rodents to humans horizontally via aerolized excreta, particularly urine.

29
Q

What is hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A

Pt will present at first with a febrile illness that develops into an acute pulmonary edema stimulating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

30
Q

How soon does Hanta virus pulmonary syndrome rear its ugly head?

A

Usually within 24 hours most pt will develop hypotension with evidence of pulmonary edema and hypoxia.

31
Q

What resevoirs are Colorado Tick Virus kept within?

A

Ground squirrels, chipmunks, rabbits and deer.

32
Q

What time of the year does Colorado Tick Virus typically occur?

A

May thru September which is representative of seasonal activity of ticks and their hosts.

33
Q

How does the acute form of colorado tick fever appear?

A

It is biphasic in that within 1 week of exposure the fever may last for 2-3 days followed by a few days of afebrile and a returning fever for a few days.

34
Q

What symptoms are present with Colorado tick fever?

A

Biphasic fever, Lymhodenopathy, hepatosplenemegaly, and rash.
Leukopenia is considered a hallmark of the disease?

35
Q

What is considered a hallmark symptom for Colorado tick fever?

A

Leukopenia.

36
Q

How is Colorado Tick fever virus diagnosed?

A

It is diagnosed by serological or molecular testing to confirm infection.

37
Q

What does Ebola virus cause?

A

Severe, fatal, hemorrhagic fever

38
Q

What are the natural resevoir for Ebola virus?

A

Bats or possibly rodents, NO insect host!

39
Q

How does the Ebola virus cause infection?

A

The ebola virus replicates in and destroys parencyhmal cells of the liver, lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes.
Destruction of vascular endothelial cells leads to massive rupturing.

Micro Exam - LGR (10 decks)

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