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Micro Exam - LGR > Bacterial Zoonoses I > Flashcards

Bacterial Zoonoses I Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacterium is Anthracis?

A

Gram positive aerobic spore forming bacteria. Noted to grow in long chain box car like formations.

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2
Q

What is special about B. Anthracis outer membrane?

A

It is composed of Poly D and made of protein peptides.

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3
Q

What are the two toxins that B. Anthracis is known for?

A

Lethal factor and Edema factor

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4
Q

How does B. anthracis lethal factor work?

A

Disrupts normal cellular signalling leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

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5
Q

How does B anthracis edema factor work?

A

Increases cAMP causing edema and resisting phagocytosis.

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6
Q

What is wool sorters disease?

A

Inhilation of B. anthracis often through the wool of sheep.

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7
Q

A widened mediastinum and B. anthracis are signs of what sort of infection?

A

A pulmonary B. anthracis infection, 100% mortality without treatment in 3 days and 45-75% even with treatment.

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8
Q

What are the treatments for B. anthracis?

A

Fluoroquinones and Doxycycline for inhilation or GI

Topical Amoxicillin for cutaneous lesions.

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9
Q

What sort of bacteria is Brucella?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli that survives within cells.

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10
Q

What animal resevoirs of Brucella effect humans?

A

Cows, Pigs, and Goats.

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11
Q

What is the cardinal fever type seen with brucella infection?

A

A fever that rises at night and returns back to normal in the morning “Undulating”

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12
Q

What is teh treatment for Brucella?

A

Doxycycline and Rifampin for 6 weeks or longer.

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13
Q

How is Brucella spread?

A

Via aerosol or ingestion. Be thinking of those who work closely with farm animals!

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14
Q

What sort of bacteria is pateurella multocida?

A

A gram negative facultative anaerobe coccobacilli that is encapsulated (think LPS)

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15
Q

How is pasteurella M. usually spread?

A

Through a bite from a cat or dog most typically (or scratch)

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of P. multocida?

A

Cellulitis and lymphadenopathy within 12-24 hours following a cat or dog bite or scratch.
If left untreated can turn into osteomylitis and spread to the joints as well.

17
Q

What is the treatment for P. multocida?

A

Penicillin

18
Q

What sort of microbe is L. interrogans?

A

A gram negative motile spiral shaped bacteria with terminal hooks.

19
Q

How is one infected with L. interrogans?

A

The bacterium is able to invade the abraded skin and mucous membranes typically from swimming in water contaminated in dog urine.

20
Q

How does L. interrogans present systematically?

A

Erythimitous eyes lacking and exudate, Jaundce of the skin, may progress to respiratory, hepatic, or circulatory failure.

21
Q

How is L. interrogans treated?

A

Treatment includes penicillin and ampicillin as well as avoidance of animal urine.

22
Q

What sort of microbe is Francisella tularensis?

A

A small gram negative coccobacilli that is intracellular of monocytes and macrophages.

23
Q

How does Francisella cause damage to the body?

A

Its LPS and polysaccharide capsule allow it to get inside monocytes and infect lymphnodes leading to lymph node swellin.

24
Q

What is the resevoir for Francisella?

A

Rabbits!

Most common laboratory aquired infection

25
Q

How is francisella spread to humans?

A

Typically through ticks but can be airborn or obtained by handeling rabbits.

26
Q

What are the three major forms of tularemia (Caused by francisella)

A

Ulceroglandular (skin)
Oculoglandular (eye)
Pneumonic (lungs)

27
Q

How does ulceroglandular present following francisella infection?

A

There will be a red painful ulcer at the site of entery, leading to swollen lymphnodes febrility, headache photophobia.

28
Q

What is the treatment of Francisella? (tularemia)

A

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside.

29
Q

What sort of bacteria are Yersinia pestis?

A

Gram negative safety pin shaped non motile stained by geimsa stain to show bipolar staining.

30
Q

What are the virulence factors for Yersinia pestis?

A

Protein capsule, LPS, and three plasmids that allow for the formation of biofilms, resistance to macrophage resistance, and resistance to complement mediated lysis.

31
Q

Human to human transfer of Yersinia pestis is known as what?

A

Pneumonic plague.

32
Q

Painful lymphadnopathy following Yersinia pestis infection is known as what?

A

Buboes associated with bubonic infection can also result in gangrenous extremities.

33
Q

What is secondary pneumonic plague?

A

Individuals that are infected with the bubonic plague that then also recieve infection with pneumonic plague. This develops much slower than primary peumonic plague.

34
Q

How is bubonic/neumonic plague treated?

A

Streptomycin.

Alternatives include fluoroquinones and gentimicin.

Micro Exam - LGR (10 decks)

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