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Micro Exam - LGR > GUI II > Flashcards

GUI II Flashcards

1
Q

What family of bacteria primarily permanently house the anterior urethra and vagina?

A

Those of the Lactobacillus family

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2
Q

What causes the vaginal pH to be around 4-5?

A

The lactobacilli ferment glycogen within the vagina and produce lactic acid.

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3
Q

What main compound inhibits the growth of other bacteria in the vagina?

A

Lactobacilli produced lactic acid.

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4
Q

What three happenings can change the microflora of womens vagina?

A

Menstration, Age (Estrogen), and historectomy.

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5
Q

Which microbes are more likely to line the vagina following a historectomy?

A

Bacteroides fragilis
And
Aerobic Eschericia coli / Enterococcus species.

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6
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis is caused by overgrowth of which sort of microbes?

A

It is seen following an overgrowth of anaerobic species and a subsequent drop of Lactobacillus.

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7
Q

Is Bacterial Vaginosis considered a sexually transmitted disease?

A

While sexual factors do increase the risk of contracting BV, it is not considered a sexually transmitted disease.

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8
Q

What characteristics must be met to obtain a positive Amsel Criteria when diagnosing BV

A

1) Positive Whiff Test (KOH)
2) Visualization of Clue Bodies
3) Vaginal pH > 4.5
4) Grey/ White Discharge
If 3/4 met tests positive for Bacterial Vaginosis

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9
Q

What is the Nugent score based on?`

A

This is a numerical score based on size quantification of bacteria within the vagina.
Measures:
Large gram + rods (Lacto Bacillus)
Small Gram - variable rods (G vaginalis or Bacteroides spp.)
Curved gram-variale rods (Mobiluncus)

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10
Q

What is the scale range of the Nugent score?

A

0-3 Normal
4-6 Intermediate mixed morphotypes
7-10 Absence of Lactobacilli.

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11
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial Vaginosis?

A

Oral metronidazole - Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
For anaerobes and parasites.

Clindamycin - Kill Gram - and anaerobes

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12
Q

What is uncomplicated vs complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Uncomplicated is sporadic or infrequent mild-to-moderate symptoms in otherwise healthy patients.

Complicated: recurrent (Four or more episodes in 1 year) or severe VVC, non- albicans candidiasis, or the patient has uncontrolled diabetes, debilitation, or immunosupression.

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13
Q

Is C. albicans considered a normal flora resident?

A

Yes it is considered a normal resident of the GI, vagina, and urethra, skin/finger toe nails.

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14
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by what features?

A

Characterized by pruritus and a thick, odorless, white vaginal discharge.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for Candida albicans?

A

1-3 regimen of topical azole

7-14 days of a topical regimen of oral fluconazole 3 days a part for complicated cases.

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16
Q

How is C. Albicans of the vagina diagnosed?

A

Microscopy with KOH and visualization of hyphae and budding yeast

17
Q

How does Trichmoniasis present in women?

A

Around 70% of women are asymptomatic with the remaining 20% ranging from mild scant watery discharge to foul, frothy, green discharge.

18
Q

What is the most curable commonly transmitted disease?

A

Trichmonis!

19
Q

Who is the carrier population with trichmonis?

A

Men are the primary asymptomatic carriers of the disease.

20
Q

What is it?!!?!?

Small pear shaped trophozite

A

Trichmonas

A mobile, anaerobe.

21
Q

When diagnosing a disease you note a “Strawberry cervix” What is it most likely?

A

Trichmonas caused by destruction of epithelial cells followed by neutrophil infiltration.

22
Q

How is trichmonis diagnosed and treated?

A

Trichmonis is diagnosed by visibly seeing the swimming protozoa in the urine. Both patients are to be treated with metronidazole.

23
Q

TNF alpha and TNF beta in response to TSST-1 toxin are associated with what syndromes?

A

Hypotension and shock. Staph aureus species replicate within tampons in the vagina.

24
Q

What are four main symptoms with TSS?

A

Hypotension
Orthostatic syncope
Systolic BP 38.9
Late skin desquamation of palms and feet.

25
Q

What is the treatment for Toxic shock syndrome?

A

Broad treatment with vancomycin or penicillin.

26
Q

What percentage of females fail to mount a response to TSS?

A

50% of women fail to ammount an antibody response!

27
Q

Name that discharge!

White Grey

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

28
Q

Name that discharge!

Thick, white, cottage-cheese-like odorless

A

C. albicans

29
Q

Name that discharge!

Frothy, yellow-green, foul smelling

A

C. trachomatis

30
Q

Name that discharge!

Mucopurulent

A

C. Trachomatis

N. gonorrhoeae

31
Q

Name that discharge!

Thin, white/grey, fishy odor

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Micro Exam - LGR (10 decks)

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