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Year 3 Dermatology > Viral Skin Infections > Flashcards

Viral Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A
  • varicella zoster virus
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2
Q

How is chicken pox spread?

A
  • respiratory droplets

- personal contact

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3
Q

What is the incubation period for chicken pox?

A

14 - 15 days

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4
Q

What is the presentation of chicken pox?

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • ## rash (centripetal, vesicular)
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5
Q

How would you describe the chicken pox rash?

A
  • centripetal (trunk) vesicular :
  • errythmatous —> macules —> papules —> vesicles –> pustulates —> resoution
  • **Intensley pruritic
  • may see excoriations
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6
Q

What are the complications of chicken pox?

A
  • Shingles (herpes zoster) = reactivation of dormant virus in adults. - dermatomal distribution
  • sever pneumonitis in pregnancy
  • CNS (benign cerebellar ataxia syndrome, acute encephalitis (rare)
  • thrombocytopenic purpura
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7
Q

Apart from clinical diagnosis of chickenpox - what other invx can be done to confirm?

A
  • PCR of vesicluar fluid
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8
Q

What is the treatment of chicken pox?

A
  • oral aciclovir

IV in neonates or severe disease

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9
Q

How is herpes simplex virus spread?

A

direct contact

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10
Q

Which type of herpes simplex virus affects the face vs the genitals?

A 
HSV1 = face 
HSV2 = genitalia
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11
Q

How does HSV1 affect the face?

A

colesores- small vesicular lesions that crust and heal over but may cause pain.

  • malaise
  • lymphadenopathy
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12
Q

How does HSV2 affect the genitals?

A
  • ulcers after vesicles break down
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13
Q

What are the triggers of reactivation of HSV?

A
  • immunosuppression
  • stress
  • illness
  • sunlight
  • trauma
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14
Q

What are the prodromal effects of HSV?

A
  • tingling / stinging
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15
Q

What is the treatment for HSV?

A

topical aciclovir (oral if severe or genital)

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16
Q

What are the complications of herpes zoster opthalmicus?

A

PEELS:

  • ptosis
  • ectropion
  • entropion
  • lid scarring
  • SCLeritis (scleral, corneal, limbal atrophy)
  • inflammation of cornea / optic nerve /retina / choroid = permanent vision loss
  • postherpetic neuralgia
17
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum and who is usually affected??

A

Pox virus

- children affected

18
Q

describe the skin manifestations of molluscum contagiousum?

A
  • pearly white (slightly pink), well demarcated papules, umbilicated centre, pus filled - when squeezed , cheesy white fluid comes out.
19
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is self limiting - how long does it take to go?

A
  • usually takes 6-12 weeks for the lesion to go but then the virus spreads elsewhere.
  • overall takes 12-18months to completely get rid of virus
20
Q

What are the non specific symptms of HIV?

A
  • rash
  • viral like prodrome (headache)
  • arthralgia
  • myalgia
  • pyrexia
21
Q

What special tests are done for HIV?

A
  • Capsid protein p24
  • CD4+ count
  • GP120 and GP41
22
Q

What do the bloods for HIV show?

A
  • anaemia
  • lymphocytopenia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • Raised CRP
  • raised AST / ALT
23
Q

What is the incubation period for HIV?

A

2 - 6 weeks

24
Q

What does the skin look like in the primary manifestation of HIV (seroconversion illness)?

A
  • Diffuse Macular - papular rash
  • face, neck, trunk affected
  • lasts 2-3 weeks
25
Q

After the primary manifestation of HIV on the skin how does this progress?

A
  • Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (in 50% of HIV patients)
  • Greasy scales, underlying inflammatory eczema - very itchy.
  • affects NAMES - nasal creases, anterior chest, moustache, eyebrows, scalp
26
Q

What is the treatment for Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (affects 50% of HIV pts)

A
  • ketaconazole shampoo
  • topical steoid
  • imidazole in resistant cases
27
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

HPV

28
Q

Which virus that causes warts is linked to cervical cancer? and what are the risk factors ?

A

HPV 16 and 18

  • folate deficiency
  • UV
  • smoking
  • immunosupression
29
Q

How would you describe the appearance of a viral wart?

A
  • exophytic warty lesion
  • papules
  • filiform (finger like projections)
30
Q

When would you suspect malignant change in a viral wart?

A
  • sudden change in appearance or size

- pain

31
Q

What are the treatments for viral warts?

A

1) topical salicylic acid ( but 70% recur)
2) Cryo (but painful and causes scarring)
3) diathermy loop cauteristion

Year 3 Dermatology (6 decks)

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