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Year 3 Dermatology > Bacterial Skin Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

multiple erythematous, honey crusted lesions around nose and mouth. some vesicles.

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2
Q

what bacteria cause bacterial impetigo?

A

1) Staphylococcus aureus

2) Streptococcus pyogenes

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3
Q

What are the two types of impetigo

A
  • bacterial (70%)

- bullous

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4
Q

What is the epidemiology of impetigo?

A
  • most commonly found in preschool children

- more common in hot areas / late summer

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5
Q

What is the distribution of bullous impetigo?

A

small / large bullae on the face, trunk, extremeties, buttocks - fluid inside initially clear, then becomes cloudy and bursts to form honey crusted lesions.

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6
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A
  • usually self limiting but speed process to avoid complications
  • topical mupirocin or fusidic acid
  • oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin
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7
Q

What is the likely cause of extensive bullous impetigo?

A

Eczema underlying the bullous impetigo

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8
Q

A 3 yr old boy presents generally unwell with extensive, sever bacterial impetigo - what could be the underlying skin condition?

A

Eczema Herpeticum

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9
Q

How long does it usually take for impetigo to resolve without treatment?

A

2 - 3 weeks

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10
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

infection of the skin. It is a superficial form of cellulitis that most often involves the face.

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11
Q

Who is recurrent cellulitis most common in?

A

chronic lymphodema

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12
Q

What organisms causes cellultitis and erysipelas?

A
  • streptococcus pyogenes
  • staphylococcus aureus (in immunosuppressed and diabetes)
  • Haemophilus influenza (children)

***Erysipelas almost always caused by group A beta haemolytic strep (Strep pyogenes)

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for cellultitis and erysipelas?

A
  • defective skin barriers (e.g. fissuring of toes in athletes foot)
  • venous disease ( ulcers)
  • diabetes / immunosuppressed
  • chronic lymphoedema
  • previous cellulitis
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14
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of cellulitis?

A
  • sudden onset of pain
  • malaise, fevers, rigors precede the rash.
  • unilateral warm, swollen, tender spreading erythema that is well demarcated , sometimes with blisters.
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15
Q

What are the differentials for cellultitis / erysipelas?

A
  • DVT
  • insect bite
  • superficial thrombophlebitis
  • varicose eczema
  • vasculitis
  • gout
  • septic arthritis
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16
Q

What invx are done for cellulitis / erysipelas?

A
  • blood culture (bacteraemia common in erysipelas)
  • FBC (raise WCC)
  • CRP (raised)
  • U + Es
17
Q

What is the treatment for cellultitis / erysipelas?

A
  • Analgesia ( para or Ibu)
  • Flucloxacillin and benzylepenicillin
  • elevate affected limb
18
Q

What are the complications of cellulitis?

A
  • necrotising fasciitis
  • gas gangrene
  • sepsis
  • endocarditis
19
Q

Who is most commonly affected by erysipelas?

A
  • infants

- elderly

20
Q

What are the symptoms of erysipelas

A

Fever and rigors

  • sharp raised border
  • bright red, firm, swollen
  • can be dimpled
  • blistered
  • purpura
  • on face has a butterfly distribution
21
Q

What areas are commonly affected by erysipelas?

A

Face (butterfly)

and Shins

22
Q

What is Folliculitis?

A
  • infection of hair follicle
  • usually self limiting
  • caused by shaving / waxing
23
Q

How does folliculitis present?

A
  • erythema

- pustules

24
Q

What are the complications of deeper folliculitis infections?

A
  • abscess

- can cause otalgia if in ear

25
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A collection of furuncles join (furuncles are infections of deep hair follicles)

26
Q

What is syncosis barbae?

A

Folliculitis around a beard

27
Q

What causes acne keloidalis nuchae and what are the complications of this condition?

A

Acne Keloidalis Nuchae is caused by folliculitis and results in alopecia, keloid scarring and chronic inflammation

28
Q

What is the cause of bacterial vs hot tub/spa pool follicultis?

A

Bacterial = staph aureus

Spa pool / hot tub = Pseudomonas aeruginosa (thrives in inadaquetely chlorinated warm water)

29
Q

What is intertrigo?

A
  • inflammation / rash in skin folds / body flexures e.g under breast, axilla, toe spaces
  • chaffing, warm , moist - allows bacterial, virus, fungi to thrive
30
Q

What is a common cause of intertrigo?

A
  • Candida
31
Q

Who is most commonly affected by impertrigo?>

A
  • obese

- excessive sweating

32
Q

What does intertrigo look like?

A
  • erythmatous
  • pruritic
  • oozing
  • raw
33
Q

What are the risk factors of intertrigo?

A
  • Vit B6 deficiency
  • overweight
  • Diabetes
  • bed rest
  • diaper
  • artificial limbs
  • dermatitis and invasive psoriasis

Year 3 Dermatology (6 decks)

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