Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Viral skin infections > Flashcards

Viral skin infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Chickenpox is caused by which virus

A

Varicella zoster virus- varicella is the chickenpox part, shingles in the zoster part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of chickenpox

A

Primary infection mainly in childhood
Generalised rash and fever
Virus establishes latency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of shingles

A 
Reactivation of the chicken pox virus. 
Dermatomal distribution (can even effect just half the face)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symptoms/ process of chickenpox

A 
Macules to papules to vesicles to scabs to recovery
This goes along with
Itch
Fever
Inflamed skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of shingles

A 
Dermatomal distribution
Reactivation of Varicella Zoster virus
Starts with tingling pain, then erythema, then vesicles to crusts. 
Pain increases as age increases 
Scarring is uncommon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is likely to get shingles

A

Elderly people

Immunocompromised people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neonatal varicella zoster virus

A

Occurs in neonates when mother develops chickenpox in late pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is neonatal VZV prevented?

A

Varicella zoster immune globulin in susceptible women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Opthalmic zoster

A

Shingles in the opthalmic region of the trigeminal nerve.

Shingles present on part of the face. NEEDS URGENT REFERRAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

A

Complication of shingles when it affects the facial nerve.
Vesicles and pain in the auditory canal (ear) and throat.
Facial palsy (7th nerve)
Also irritation of the 8th cranial nerve- deafness, vertigo, tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What else is Ramsay Hunt syndrome known as?

A

Optic herpes zoster or geniculate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vaccination for chickenpox

A

Live attenuated vaccine- used as routine around the world, not in UK. Used for susceptible healthcare workers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vaccine for shingles

A

Same vaccine as chickenpox however higher titre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Herpes simplex virus

A

Two types- I or II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of herpes simplex virus

A

gingivostomatitis- inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingivae.
Extensive ulceration in and around the mouth.
Duration of about a week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who contracts herpes simplex virus?

A

Pre-school children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Recurrence of herpes simplex virus

A

Causes blistering rash at vermillion border (top border of lips)
can also spread e.g. into eczema herpeticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type I herpes simplex virus features

A

Oral lesions common
Causes half of genital herpes
Causes encaphilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type II herpes simplex virus features

A

Oral lesions uncommon
Causes half of genital herpes
Causes encaphilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Therapy for herpes simplex virus

A

Aciclovir- analogue of guanosine. Replaces it in viral DNA disallowing DNA replication. Effective and non toxic antiviral however does not eliminate latent viral DNA

21
Q

Labs for herpes simplex virus

A

Swab- antiviral medium

Antibody testing.

22
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Side effect of some drugs and certain infections. E.g. herpes simplex, mycoplasma pneumoniae.

23
Q

Molloscum contagiosum

A

Freshly, firm, umbilicated pearlescent nodules.
Self limiting however can be removed by local application of liquid nitrogen
Common in children and can be sexually transmitted.

24
Q

Warts are caused by

A

The human papilloma virus

25
Q

Features of warts

A

Commonest in children.
Self limiting- however use topical salicylic cream
Called verrucas when they are on the feet.

26
Q

What other issues (other than warts) can the human papilloma virus cause

A

Genital warts- HPV type 11 and 6

Cervical cancer- HPV type 16 and 18

27
Q

Treatment of HPV

A

Gardasil vaccine treats types 11 and 6 (genital warts)

Cervarix treats types 16 and 18

28
Q

Herpangina

A

blistering rash of the back of the mouth.
Caused by enterovirus- coxsackie virus and echovirus
Self limiting
Swab the lesion and send a stool sample for PCR for enterovirus.

29
Q

Hand foot and mouth disease

A

Typically in children
Family outbreaks
Enteroviruses (especially coxsackie)

30
Q

What causes erythema infectiosum

A

Parvovirus B19

31
Q

What other names are there for erythema infectiosum?

A

Slapped cheek disease

32
Q

Presentation of erythema infectiosum

A

Rash on face

When this fades you get a lacy macular rash on the body.

33
Q

Presentation of erythema infectiosum in adults

A

The rash may be absent- but acute polyarthritis may be more common (especially in the wrists)

34
Q

Complications of parovirus B19

A

Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic crices- sudden drop in haemoglobin. Seen in patients with short red cell lifespan
Chronic anaemia in immunosuppressed patients.

35
Q

How to diagnose parovirus B19?

A

Antibody test- parovirus B19 IgM test.

36
Q

Orf

A

Virus of sheep “scabby mouth”

37
Q

Presentation of orf

A

Firm fleshy nodule on hands of farmers

38
Q

Treatment of orf

A

Self limiting

39
Q

Cause of syphilis

A

Sexually transmitted infection with bacterium Trepanema pallidum

40
Q

Presentation of syphilis

A

Primary infection- painless ulcers at site of entry (chancre)
Secondary infection- red rash over body. Prominent on the soles of the feet. Mucous membranes “snail track” ulcers.
Tertiary infection- CNS, cardiovascular, gummatous

41
Q

Treatment of syphilis

A

Injection of penicillin

42
Q

Diagnosis of syphilis

A

Blood test or swab of chancre for PCR.

43
Q

Cause of lyme disease

A

ticks carry the bacterial infection Borrelia burgdorferi

44
Q

Presentation of lyme disease

A

Early- erythema migrans- rash in halo shape
LAte- heart block
Nerve palsies
Arthritis

45
Q

Treatment of lyme disease

A

Doxycycline or amoxicillin

46
Q

Labs for lyme disease

A

Blood test for antibody for organism

47
Q

Presentation of zika

A

Mild fever, rash, headaches, arthralgia, myalgia

Presentation similar to dengue and chickenunya infections.

48
Q

How is zika spread?

A

mosquitoes and sexual transmission

49
Q

Characteristics of zika virus

A

Only 1/5 of people with the virus become ill.

Onset of symptoms- 3-12 days. Resolves in 2-7 days after onset.

Dermatology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions