Viral infections of skin and soft tissue/bone/muscle/joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the latin name for Common warts?

A

Verruca valgaris

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2
Q

What is the latin name for plantar warts and what property sets them apart from common warts?

A

Verruca plantaris

Commonly identifiable by Punctate hemorrhages seen when exfoliating the wart.

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3
Q

What is the latan name for Flat wars?

A

Verruca Plana.

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4
Q

In which layer of skin would you find newly replicating HPV virions forming?
What layer does infection occur?

A

Suprabasal layer of the skin.

The basal layer is where infection of keratinocytes occurs.

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5
Q

What is a tall tail sign of veruca valgaris microscopically?

A

Expansion of all layers of the epithelium.

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6
Q

What strains of HPV are causitive of common warts?

What strains of HPV are causitive of Plantar warts?

A

Common warts: 2,3,10

Plantar warts: 1,4

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7
Q

What are koilocytes indicitive of?

A

These are seen in HPV infections and look like fried blue eggs under microscopy.

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8
Q

What is the incubation period for molluscum contagiosum?

A

14-50 days

Often resolves within 2-12 months.

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9
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in the United states?

A

Herpes simplex Keratitis

Often carried on by recurrent disease states with classic dendritic lesions.

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10
Q

What stain is used to visualize Herpes simplex keratitis dendritic lesions?

What topical antiviral treatment can be used in these cases?

A

Fluorescein.

Trifluridine can be used as well as oral acyclovir.

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11
Q

How can a primary Varicella virus infection be differentiated from a Variola virus?

A

Chicken pox has sporadically forming lesions (Crop lesions) that tend to avoid the hands and feet with very few lesions on the face. This is known as centripetal patterning.

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12
Q

What complications does a Pregnant mother with varicella have on the fetus?

A

Infection during the first 20 weeks: Low birth weight, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, microcephaly.

Infection late: Disseminated infection.

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13
Q

Describe postherpetic neuralgia following a secondary VZV reactivation

A

Runs linearly in the pattern of dermatomes unilateraly.

The neuralgia is the tingling/ severe pain at the sight that can occur for months after lesion resolution.

Travels through the dorsal route and trigeminal ganglia.

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14
Q

How does VZV spread?

A

Spreads through respiratory droplets!

Often will replicate first in the lunds with an incubation period of about 14 days.

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15
Q

Describe the Varicella Zoster Virus vaccination

A

LIVE ATTENUATED grown in tissue culture.
Prevents primary infections with VZV and is often combined with mumps measles rubella (MMRV)

Can also be used to protect from VZV reactivation but is given in a higher tighter and is recommended for adults >60.

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16
Q

What is Variola virus?

A

Smallpox!

17
Q

What is the prodrome of variola virus (Small pox)

A

Abrupt high fever >101 with malaise.
Lesions begin in the mouth Ananthem and spread to the skin (exanthem) in a centrifugal pattern to the extremities, palms, and feet.

18
Q

Descrive the variola virus vaccination

A

Small pox vaccination is antiquated and no longer used however, it consisted of a LIVE STRAIN of vaccina virus.

Can be used as post exposure profylaxis as well 3 days post significantly lessens disease outcome.

Vacination 4-7 days post exposure allows partial protection or lessening of the disease.