Childhood viral skin infections

Question 1

What is the prodrome for Measles?

Answer 1

2-4 days of:
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivits
And Koplik spots!

Rash spreads from hairline downward

Question 2

You see koplik thoughts and instantly think of what infection!?

Answer 2

Measles!

Question 3

What is the rash pattern for measles?

Answer 3

Head down starting from the hairline!

Question 4

What is the importance of the measles F gene and HA protein?

Answer 4

F gene allows for fusion of the virus and the HA protein is very important for viral attachment.

Question 5

How is the measles virus transmitted?

Answer 5

Extremely contagious and spread through respiratory bursts.

Can last on fomites and air for up to 2 hours!

Question 6

Is there a measles vaccine? If so what is it?

Answer 6

Yes!
MMR
The vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine raised in chick embryo fibroblasts.

Question 7

What is the dosage for the measles vaccine?

Answer 7

Children are given first dose at 12-15 months old and a second dose around 4-6 years old.

In adults 1 dose is given in those born after 1957 and a second dose is given for post high school students and healthcare workers.

Question 8

How does German measles differ from normal Measles?

Answer 8

German measles cause a maculopapular rash that is fainter than measles and does not coalesce into large patches.
Also has a low grade fever compared to the high fever of measles.

This is actually caused by the rubella virus.

Question 9

What congenital issue occurs following rubella infection?

Answer 9

Infants born to mothers who had rubella for the first trimester are likely to be born death with cataracs, congenital glaucoma, or heart disease.

Appears with purapura rash.

Question 10

How is rubella transmitted and how long does it incubate?

Answer 10

Transmitted via respiratory route and replicates in the nasopharynx and lymph nodes.

Takes 2 weeks before rash shows up with viremia occuring 5-7 days post infection.

Question 11

What vaccination is available for Rubella?

Answer 11

Live attenuated vaccine MMR Grown in tissue culture cells.

Main goal is to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (From German measles)

Question 12

What sort of rash does Fifth Disease (Erythema infectiosum) present with?

Answer 12

Also known as slap cheek syndrome shows with fever and characteristic rash that begins on the cheek.
Caused by B19 parvovirus

Question 13

What is unique about where the ssDNA B19 Parvovirus grows?

Answer 13

B19 Parvovirus grows exclusively in the mitotically active cells of the body utilizing host enzymes for genome transcription and replication.

Specifically grows in haematopoeitic cells in the bone marrow causing anemia,.

Question 14

Describe the cutaneous effects of B19 Parvovirus infections

Answer 14

Fever, Rash begins on cheeks then spreads to other parts of the body

Question 15

What is Aplastic crisis?

Answer 15

This is seen in B19 parvovirus infections in which there is chronic anemia because of the virus living in hematpoietic cells.

Question 16

How does B19 most commonly affect adults?

Answer 16

Causes arthralgia and arthritis.

Question 17

What is Hydrops Fetalis?

Answer 17

This is most commonly caused in pregnant women showing increased risk for fetal death!
Unlike rubella (Doesn't cause death)

Question 18

Describe Roseola Infantum

Answer 18

Presents with a high fever in infants lasting around 4 days.

The fever with then break with a maculopapular rash that lasts 24-48 hours.

This is caused by HHV-6 and HHV-7

Question 19

Where does HHV6 replicate and what age does it infect?

Answer 19

Usually will infect young children by the age of 3 and replicates in T-cells, B-cells, and the oral pharynx.

Question 20

Where does HHV-7 replicate and what age does it typically infect?

Answer 20

Replicates within CD4 T cells found in saliva usually occuring later in life than HHV-7