Bacterial Skin infections III

Question 1

A gram positive B-hemolytic non motile rod forming H2 and CO2 gas?

Answer 1

C. perfinigens.

Seen in Gas Gangrene

Question 2

Alpha toxin produced by C. perfingens Toxin works in what manner?

Answer 2

Cytolitic lysing many different cell types leading to MASSIVE HEMOLYSIS and tissue destruction.

Question 3

Traumatic wounds and surgical wounds are all possible sorts for what likely infection?

Answer 3

Progressive gas producing C. perfingens necrotizing fascitis.

Look for discolored foul smelling wound created from alpha toxin.

Question 4

Gas producing wound with rod shaped bacteria in the absence of leukocytes?

Answer 4

C. perfingens no leukocytes as the alpha toxin has killed them.

Question 5

How does tetanospasmin toxin work?

Answer 5

Proteins that release inhibitory neurotransmitters are unable to release there substances.

Question 6

What is the tetanus vaccine conjugated with?

Answer 6

Diptheria with the tetanus toxoid.

Question 7

What mycobacterial virulence factor is simular to LPS?

Answer 7

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) which extends all the way to the cell surface

Heavily proinflammatory.

Question 8

What is Potts disease?

Answer 8

TB that gets into the bones causing slow infectious osteomyelitis of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae.

Diagnosed by characteristic gibbus deformity.

Question 9

What is the classical body response to TB infections?

Answer 9

TH1 response in which TH1 cells produce IFN-Y to maintain a granuloma.

Question 10

What is the treatment and control reccomendation for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 10

Isoniazid and rifampin as well as ethambutol pyrazinamide.

These combinations are given for 6-9 months.

Question 11

PGL-1 (phenolic glycolipid 1) is a unique antigen within the cell wall of what species of bacteria

Answer 11

Tuberculosis Leprae

which targets macrophages and schwan cells.

Question 12

What are the two main stages of infection following Tuberculosis Leprae infection and what T cell response follows each?

Answer 12

TH1 (IFN-Y)Tuberculoid: paucibacillary containing few bacteria.

and

TH2 (Humoral response) Lepromatous (Hansens disease)
with large ammounts of bacilli and both macrophage and schwann cell dysfunction and large [immunoglobulin]

Question 13

Describe the Lepromin test

Answer 13

Injection of inactivated M. leprae

Positive delayed reaction = Tuberculoid leprosy

No reaction at all = Lepromatous leprosy

Question 14

How is Tuberculoid M. leprae treated?

Answer 14

Treated with sulfones and rigampin for 6 months!

Question 15

How is Lepromatous leprae trated?

Answer 15

Dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine for 12 months.

Question 16

Mycetomas of the lower limb are unique to what sort of weakly acid fast staining organism?

Answer 16

Nocardia!
Typically having sinus tract shaped infection.
Typically Painless
common in the tropics.

Question 17

What bacterium is known to cause plaque?

Answer 17

Streptococcus mutans.

Question 18

What is Actinomyces israelii treated with?

Answer 18

treated with penicillin

Question 19

What is Nocardia treated with?

Answer 19

TMP-SMX

Question 20

What do you treat acne vulgaris with?

Answer 20

Use topicall benzoyl peroxides, erythromycin, and clindamycin.
If that doesn’t work move onto oral doxycycline.

If that doesnt work use isotretenoin.