Viral Infections Flashcards
Contributes a large family of double-sranded DNA viruses
Incubation periodis 1-26 days can occur throughout te year
Herpes simplex virus
Two immunologic type of erpes simplex virus and its location
HSV-1 - facial, labil and oral herpetic lesions
HSV-2 - genital lesions
Ganglia involved in two types of Herpes simplex virus
HSV - 1 - trigeminal ganglia
HSV - 2 - lumbosacral ganglia
Definition of PRIMARY herpes simplex virus
A person who does not have circulating antibodies
Initial exposure of an individual without antibodies to the virus
Definition of SECONDARY herpes simplex virus
A person tat has such antibodies
Occurs with reactivation of the virus
HPV that s transmitted by droplet spread o contact with the lesion
Affects children and young adults
Characterized by the development of fever, irritability, headache, pain upon swallowing, and regional lymphadenopathy
Mouth becomes painful; gingiva is intensely inflamed appears erythematous and edematous - lips, tongue,buccal mucosa, palate, pharynx, and tonsile may also be involved
Yellowish, fluid-filled vesicles develop
Heal spontaneously within 7-14 days and leave no scar
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (primary herpes)
A type of HPV that is usually seen in adult patient
May develop either at the site of primary inoculation or in the adjacent area supplied by the involved ganglion
Burning or tingling sensation and a feeling of tautness, swelling or sight soreness at the location
Most common sites for the recrrent intraoral hpetic lesions are the hard palate ad attached gingiva or alveolar ridge
Gray or white vesicles rupture quickly, leaving a small red ulceration
Lesions gradually heal within 7-10 days and leave no scar
Recurrent herpes simplex infections (secondary herpes)
Occurs at the vermilion border and adjacent skin of the lips
Herpes labialis
Occurs in fingers due to auto inoculation
Herpetic whitlow (herpetic paronychia)
HSV-infected epithelial cells exhibit acantholysis, nuclear clearing, and nuclear enlargement (termed ballooning degeneration)
Herpes simplex virus
two distinct lesions of varicella zoster virus
Chickenpox, a primary lesion
Shingles, a reactivated lesion
Incubation period is approximately two weeks
Transmission by respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected lesions
Varicella zoster virus
Caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus
Usually occuring in children
May be spread through air droplets or direct contact with active lesins
Characterized by an exanthematous vesicular rash
Chicken pox
Caused by reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus
Most common in adult life
Shingles
Typically cases a generalized, pruritic skin rash, often accompanied or preceded by fever and malaise
Rash initially appears on the head and then spreads to involve the trunk and extremities that appear as erythemaous macules
Chickenpox
Acquired during pregnancy - fetal abnormalities may occur
Older adults and immunocompromised - may be much more severe and protracted,and more likely to produce complicatons
Chickenpox
Exhibits fever, a general malaise, and pain and tenderness along the course of the involved sensory nerves
Involvement of facial and auditory nerves produces _____ syndrome — facial paralysis is accompanied by vesicles of the ipsilateral external ear, tinnitus, deafness and vertigo
Shinges
Ramsay hunt syndrome
Complications of shingles _____ which is characterized by persistent pain after resolution of the rash
Post herpetic neuralgia
Caused by coxsackie group A viruses, a family of as picornavirus (pick-small) genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus
Incubation period is probably 2-10 days
Most commonly seen in young children
Herpangina
Infection occurs through ingestions, direct contact, or through droplet spread and multiple cases in a single household
Characterized by sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, low grade fever, headache, sometimes vomiting, prostration and abdominal pain
Exhibit small vesicles which rupture to form crops of ulcers, eah showing a gray base and an inflamed periphery on the anterior faucial pillars and sometimes on the hard and soft palates, posterior pharyngeal wall, buccal mucosa; and tongue
Herpangina
Caused by coxsackie group A viruses, a family of as picornavirus (pico - small), genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus
Incubation period is probably 2-10 days
Symptomatic course varies from 4-1days and the local oral lesions resolve within 6-10days
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Affects predominantly children and young adults
Consists of sore throat, an elevation of temperature varying from 100-105F, mild headache, and anorexia
Oral lesion are raised, discrete, whitish or yellowish to dark pink solid papules or nodules, surrounded by a narrow zone of erythema - appear on the uvula, soft palate, anterior pillars and posterior oropahrynx
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Caused by coxsackie group A viruses (coxsackie type A16 or enterovirus 71, a family of as picornavirus (pico - small)), genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus
Affecting young children
Transferred from one individual to another through direct contact with nasal secretion, saliva, blister fluid or via fecal-oral contamination
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Characterized by the appearance of maculopapular, exanthematous and vesicular lesions of the skin, particularly involving the hands, feet, legs, arms, and occasionally the buttocks
Manifest anorexia, low-grade fever, coryza and sometimes lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
Hand, foot and mouth disease
