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Oral Path Finals > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Contributes a large family of double-sranded DNA viruses

Incubation periodis 1-26 days can occur throughout te year

A

Herpes simplex virus

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2
Q

Two immunologic type of erpes simplex virus and its location

A

HSV-1 - facial, labil and oral herpetic lesions
HSV-2 - genital lesions

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3
Q

Ganglia involved in two types of Herpes simplex virus

A

HSV - 1 - trigeminal ganglia
HSV - 2 - lumbosacral ganglia

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4
Q

Definition of PRIMARY herpes simplex virus

A

A person who does not have circulating antibodies

Initial exposure of an individual without antibodies to the virus

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5
Q

Definition of SECONDARY herpes simplex virus

A

A person tat has such antibodies

Occurs with reactivation of the virus

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6
Q

HPV that s transmitted by droplet spread o contact with the lesion

Affects children and young adults

Characterized by the development of fever, irritability, headache, pain upon swallowing, and regional lymphadenopathy

Mouth becomes painful; gingiva is intensely inflamed appears erythematous and edematous - lips, tongue,buccal mucosa, palate, pharynx, and tonsile may also be involved

Yellowish, fluid-filled vesicles develop

Heal spontaneously within 7-14 days and leave no scar

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (primary herpes)

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7
Q

A type of HPV that is usually seen in adult patient

May develop either at the site of primary inoculation or in the adjacent area supplied by the involved ganglion

Burning or tingling sensation and a feeling of tautness, swelling or sight soreness at the location

Most common sites for the recrrent intraoral hpetic lesions are the hard palate ad attached gingiva or alveolar ridge

Gray or white vesicles rupture quickly, leaving a small red ulceration

Lesions gradually heal within 7-10 days and leave no scar

A

Recurrent herpes simplex infections (secondary herpes)

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8
Q

Occurs at the vermilion border and adjacent skin of the lips

A

Herpes labialis

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9
Q

Occurs in fingers due to auto inoculation

A

Herpetic whitlow (herpetic paronychia)

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10
Q

HSV-infected epithelial cells exhibit acantholysis, nuclear clearing, and nuclear enlargement (termed ballooning degeneration)

A

Herpes simplex virus

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11
Q

two distinct lesions of varicella zoster virus

A

Chickenpox, a primary lesion
Shingles, a reactivated lesion

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12
Q

Incubation period is approximately two weeks

Transmission by respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected lesions

A

Varicella zoster virus

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13
Q

Caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus

Usually occuring in children

May be spread through air droplets or direct contact with active lesins

Characterized by an exanthematous vesicular rash

A

Chicken pox

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14
Q

Caused by reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus

Most common in adult life

A

Shingles

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15
Q

Typically cases a generalized, pruritic skin rash, often accompanied or preceded by fever and malaise

Rash initially appears on the head and then spreads to involve the trunk and extremities that appear as erythemaous macules

A

Chickenpox

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16
Q

Acquired during pregnancy - fetal abnormalities may occur

Older adults and immunocompromised - may be much more severe and protracted,and more likely to produce complicatons

A

Chickenpox

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17
Q

Exhibits fever, a general malaise, and pain and tenderness along the course of the involved sensory nerves

Involvement of facial and auditory nerves produces _____ syndrome — facial paralysis is accompanied by vesicles of the ipsilateral external ear, tinnitus, deafness and vertigo

A

Shinges

Ramsay hunt syndrome

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18
Q

Complications of shingles _____ which is characterized by persistent pain after resolution of the rash

A

Post herpetic neuralgia

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19
Q

Caused by coxsackie group A viruses, a family of as picornavirus (pick-small) genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus

Incubation period is probably 2-10 days

Most commonly seen in young children

A

Herpangina

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20
Q

Infection occurs through ingestions, direct contact, or through droplet spread and multiple cases in a single household

Characterized by sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, low grade fever, headache, sometimes vomiting, prostration and abdominal pain

Exhibit small vesicles which rupture to form crops of ulcers, eah showing a gray base and an inflamed periphery on the anterior faucial pillars and sometimes on the hard and soft palates, posterior pharyngeal wall, buccal mucosa; and tongue

A

Herpangina

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21
Q

Caused by coxsackie group A viruses, a family of as picornavirus (pico - small), genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus

Incubation period is probably 2-10 days

Symptomatic course varies from 4-1days and the local oral lesions resolve within 6-10days

A

Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

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22
Q

Affects predominantly children and young adults

Consists of sore throat, an elevation of temperature varying from 100-105F, mild headache, and anorexia

Oral lesion are raised, discrete, whitish or yellowish to dark pink solid papules or nodules, surrounded by a narrow zone of erythema - appear on the uvula, soft palate, anterior pillars and posterior oropahrynx

A

Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

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23
Q

Caused by coxsackie group A viruses (coxsackie type A16 or enterovirus 71, a family of as picornavirus (pico - small)), genus enterovirus, which is a RNA virus

Affecting young children

Transferred from one individual to another through direct contact with nasal secretion, saliva, blister fluid or via fecal-oral contamination

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

24
Q

Characterized by the appearance of maculopapular, exanthematous and vesicular lesions of the skin, particularly involving the hands, feet, legs, arms, and occasionally the buttocks

Manifest anorexia, low-grade fever, coryza and sometimes lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

25
Q

Sore mouth and refusal to eat is one of the most common findings

Most common sites for the oral lesions were the hard palate, tongue, and buccal mucosa, with a much smaller percentage of patients showing involvement of the lips, gingiva and pharynx including the tonsils

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease

26
Q

Treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease

A

No treatment

27
Q

Caused by paramyxovirus belonging to the family paramyxociridae and genus morbilivrus, which is a RNA virus

An acute, contagious, dermatropic and endemic viral infection , primarily affecting children

A

Rubeola (measles)

28
Q

Spread of the disease occur by direct contact with an affected persion or by droplet infection, the portal of entry being the respiratory tract

Incubation period is generally from 8-12 days to

Complications include diarrhea, bronchial penumonia, encephalitis, otitis media

A

Rubeola (measles)

29
Q

____ are prodromal, frequenly occuring two to three days before the cutaneous rash and are pathognomonic of this disease

A

Oral lesions in rubeola

30
Q

White papules resembling table salt like crystals with red base which appear usually on the buccal mucosa opposite to first and second molar teeth

A

Koplik spots found in rubeola (oral lesion)

31
Q

Histologic finding of rubeola

A

Presence of warthin finkeldey giant cells

32
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil demonstrating lymphoid hyperplasia with scattered multinucleated giant cells

A

Warthin finkeldey giant cell - rubeola

33
Q

Treatment for rubeola

A

Symtpmati relief

Primary prevention - live attenuated virus vaccine MMR and MMRV

34
Q

Caused by virus in the family togavirus and genus rubivirus

Contracted through respiratory tract

Incubation period is from 12 - 23 days

A

Rubella (german measles)

35
Q

Infected patients are contagious from 1 week before to 1 ek after onset of the exanthem

Oral lesions known as forchheimer sign, characterized as small, discrete, dark-red papules that develop on the soft palate and may extend onto the hard palate

A

Rubella (german measles)

36
Q

Treatment for rubella

A

Symptomatic relief

Primary prevention - live, attenuated virus vaccine MMR and MMRV

37
Q

Caused by a virus in family paramyxoviridae, genus rubulavirus

Characterized by unilateral or bilateral swelling of the salivary glands

Incubation period varies from 14-18 days to

Transmitted through the respiratory route

A

Mumps

38
Q

Usually preceded by the onset of headache, chills, moderate fever, vomiting and pain below the ear

Followed by a firm, swelling of the salivary glands, elevating the ear

Pain and tenderness may be severe during the rapid phase of parotid enlargement

A

Mumps

39
Q

When mumps involves the adult male, ___ is a great danger resulting to sterility

A

Orchitis

40
Q

When mumps occur in the first trimester of pregnancy it results in ____

A

Spontaneous abortion

41
Q

Treatment for mumps

A

Conservative; maintaining hydration and alimentation

Symtpomatic relief

Primary prevention - live, attenuated virus vaccine MMR and MMRV

42
Q

Symptomatic disease resulting from exposure to Epstein-Barr virus

Infection usually occur by intimate contact

Once a person is exposed, EBV remains in the host for life

A

Infectious mononucleosis

43
Q

Children become infected through contaminated saliva on fingers, toys or other objects

Adlts through direct salivary transfer such as shared straws or kissing - “kissing disease”

A

Infectious mononucleosis

44
Q

Kissing disease

A

Infectious mononucleosis

45
Q

Characterized by fever, sore throat, headache, chills, cough, nausea or vomiting and lymphadenopathy (bilateral and symmertrical)

Splenomegaly and hepatitis also occur with considerable frequency

Petechial hemorrhages of the soft palate neat the junction with the hard palate as an early manifestation of infectious mononucleosis

A

Infectious mononucleosis

46
Q

Early manifestation of infectious mononucleosis

A

Petechial hemorrhages of the soft palate near the junction with the hard palate

47
Q

EBV is associated with __ __ __, various lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (burkitt lymphoma)

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

48
Q

Exhibits atypical lymphocytes in the circulating blood

A

Infectious mononucleosis

49
Q

Treatment for infectious mononucleosis

A

Symtpmatic and supportive treatment

50
Q

A single stranded icosahedral, RNA virus belonging to te family retroviridae, genus lentivirus

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

51
Q

A single stranded icosahedral, RNA virus belonging to te family retroviridae, genus lentivirus

Is the most common in sub-saharan africa and throught out the world

A

HIV 1

52
Q

A single stranded icosahedral, RNA virus belonging to te family retroviridae, genus lentivirus

Is most often found in western africa

A

HIV 2

53
Q

HIV outer shll of the virus is known as ___

A

The viral envelope

54
Q

A complex protein that is embedded in the viral envelope

A

Env

55
Q

Env consists of?

A

Outer protruding cap glycoprotein gp120

Stem gp14

56
Q

Within the viral envelope of an HIV is called ____ and within this is a ____ or cuspid, which is made of another ______

A

HIV protein called p17 (matrix)

Viral protein p24 (core antigen)

57
Q

How is hiv transmitted

A
  • sex without a condom
  • passed from mother to baby
  • sharing injecting equipment
  • contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplant

Oral Path Finals (6 decks)

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