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Oral Path Finals > Fungal Infection > Flashcards

Fungal Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as mycosis

A

Candidiasis

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2
Q

Mycosis is tradionally divided according o the part of the body affected:

A

Superficial
Subcutaneous
Systemic

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3
Q

Most common fungal infection in humans

A

Candidiasis

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4
Q

Causative agent of candidiasis

A

Candida (monilia) albicans

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5
Q

Most opportunistic infection

A

Candidiasis

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6
Q

Two major category of candidiasis

A

Primary oral
And
Secondary oral

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7
Q

A type of candidiasis that infection exclusively confined to oral and perioral tissues

A

Primary oral candidiasis

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8
Q

A type of candidiasis that oral lesion as a manifestation of systemic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

Secondary oral candidiasis

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9
Q

Characterized by the soft, white, slightly elevated plaques

Occuring in the buccal mucosa and tongue, but also seen on the palaet, gingiva, and floor of the mouth

Resembling milk curds

Plaque can usually be wiped away with a gauze

A

Pseudomembranous (thrush) candidiasis

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10
Q

Most common form of candidiasis

A

Pseudomembranous (thrush)

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11
Q

Occurrence of this lesion in a healthy individual indicates the presence of immune suppression especially HIV infection

Also occur in patients receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy

A

Pseudomembranous (thrush)

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12
Q

Redness is due to increased vascularity

Distinguished from erythroplakia by its diffuse border wherein erythroplakia the border are sharp and well demarcated

Consistently painful

A

Erythematous (candidiasis)

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13
Q

Occurs as a sequela to a course of broadspectrum antibiotics, corticosteroid or any disease which suppresses the immune system, more commonly in HIV disease

A

Erythematous (antibiotic mouth sore)

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14
Q

A candidiasis that occurs due to the loss of filiform papillae

A

Erythematous (antibiotic mouth sore)

Candidiasis ^

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15
Q

Show pinpoint hyperemic macules or more generalized erythema

Erythema often exhibits a distinct border corresponding to the outline of the denture base

A

Denture stomatitis

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16
Q

Inflammatory condition characterized by erythema localized to denture-bearing areas of the palate and alveolar ridges

A

Denture stomatitis ( chronic atrophic candidiasis )

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17
Q

Consists of firm, white persistent plaques, usually on the lips, tongue, and cheeks and appear similar to lukoplakia

A

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

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18
Q

“Leukoplakia” type of candidiasis that is a possible premalignant potential

A

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

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19
Q

Exhibits a predilection for the anterior buccal mucosa, although the tongue, palate, or other sites also may be involves

Some exhibit a finely ‘speckled’ red and white appearance

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

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20
Q

Chronic involvement of the sin, scalp, nails and mucous membranes

Exhibit varying abnormalities in the immune system - impaired cell mediated immunity, isolated IgA deficiency, and reduced serum candidacial activity

Usually resistant to the common form of treatment

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

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21
Q

Histologically, candidiasis shows the presence of ____ cells and ____ or mycelia in the superficial and deeper layers of involved epithelium

A

Yeast cells

Hyphae

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22
Q

Treatment of candidiasis

A

Prescribing antifungal medication and addressing the underlying predisposing factors

Nystatin has been beneficial in the treatment of candidiasis

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23
Q

Causative gent of histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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24
Q

Characterized by a chronic low-grade fever, productive cough, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy, since the organisms have a special predilection for the reticuloendothelial system and chiefly involve the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

A

Histoplasmosis

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25
Q

Histoplasmosis is classified clinically into:

A

Acute primary pulmonary

Chronic pulmonary

Disseminated forms

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26
Q

Appears a nodular, ulcerative or vegetative lesions on the buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, palate or lips

Ulcerated areas are usually covered by a nonspecific gray membrane which is indurated with raised and rolled out borders resembling carcinoma

A

Histoplasmosis

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27
Q

Histologically, multinucleated giant cells are usually see in association with the granulomatous inflammation

It is found in large numbers in phagocytic cells and appears as tiny intracellular structure

A

Histoplasmosis

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28
Q

Treatment of histoplasmosis

A

Depends on the severity of the disease

Disseminated histoplasmosis is usually fatal without treatment

Management includes antifungal therapy and addressing underlying cause of immunodeficiency

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29
Q

Causative agent of blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

30
Q

North american _____ ; Gilchrist’s disease

A

Blastomycosis

31
Q

North american blastomycosis: ___

A

Gilchrist’s disease

32
Q

It is most common in men

May occur either in a cutaneous form or in a systemic form involving bones, liver, lungs, subcutaneous tissues and other oragns

Mainfl affects the lungs

Skin lesion may appear as plaques, pustules, or nodules, with associated ulceration, a waty surface, crusting, and/or exudate

A

Blastomycosis

33
Q

What organ mainly affects blastomycosis

A

Lungs

34
Q

Oral ulceration is present

Exhibit a gradually enlarging ulcer with a rolled border or an erythematous nodules with granular to warty surface

Tongue, buccal mucosa, or other sites may be involved

A

Blastomycosis

35
Q

Histologically, inflamed conective tissue shows occasional giant cells and macrophages and the typical round organism, often budding, which appear to have a doubly refractive capsule

A

Blastomycosis

36
Q

Treatment of blastomycosis

A

Depends on the severity of the disease

Disseminated extra pulmonary blastomycosis typically receive systemic antifungal therapy

37
Q

South american blastomycosis:

A

Lutz’s disease

38
Q

Lutz’s disease

A

South americal blastomycosis

39
Q

Causative agent of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Blastomyces (paracoccidioides) brasiliensis

40
Q

Acquired by inhalation of dust containing spores of the fungus
- the contamination probably occuring from excreta of birds such as pigeons. Starlings and blackbirds

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

41
Q

What is the chief difference between north american and south american bastomycosis

A

Size of the causative organism

42
Q

May be solitary or multifocal

Can involve the gingiva, palate, lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, or other sites

Mucosa typically exhibits erythema, a granular (or “mulberry-like() surface, or hemorrhagic foci, and/or ulceration

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

43
Q

Often show multiple daughter buds on the parent cell, resulting in an appearance that has been described as resembling “Mickey Mouse Ears”

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

44
Q

Treatment for paracoccidiomycosis

A

Mild to moderate - Intraconazole or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

Severe - amphoteicin B

45
Q

Torulosis, European Blastomycosis

A

Cryptococcus

46
Q

Causative agent of cryptococcosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (torula histolytica) & cryptococcus bacillispora

47
Q

Irganisms appear to be harbored by pigeons

Opportunistic infection - increase in immunsuppressed individuals

Skin lesion appear as multiple brown papules which ultimately ulcerate

A

Cryptococcosis

48
Q

Oral lesion are relatively rare, they have been described either as craterlike, nonhealing ulcers that are tender on palpation or as friable papillary erythematous plaques

A

Cryptococcosis

49
Q

Yeast appears as a round-to-ovoid structure, surrounded by a clear halo that represents the capsule, sometimes described as “tissue microcyst”

A

Cryptococcosis

50
Q

Treatment of cryptoccosis

A

Systemic antifungal therapy (amphotericin B, fluconazole or itraconazole)

51
Q

Valley fever, san joaquin valley fever

A

Coccidiomycosis

52
Q

Causative agent of coccidiomycosis

A

Coccidloides immitis

53
Q

Two basic form of coccidiomycosis disease

A

Primary non disseminated and progressive disseminated

54
Q

Coccidiomycosis

Develop manifestations suggestive of a respiratory disease such as cough, pleural pain, headache and norexia

It is self limiting and runs its course within 10-14 days

A

Primary nondisseminted

55
Q

Coccidiomycosis

Organism spreads hematogenously to extrapulmonary sites

A

Progressive disseminated

56
Q

Lesions of the oral mucosa and skin are proliferative granulomatous and ulcerated lesions; may present as an ulcerated tongue nodule, erythematous granular mucosal mass, or osteomyelitis of the jaw

A

Coccidiomycosis

57
Q

Large mononuclear cells, lymphoctes and plasma cells predominate

Endospores within the large spherules can usually be identfied

A

Coccidiomycosis

58
Q

Treatment of coccidiomycois

A

Systemic antifungal therapy (e.g., fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B)

59
Q

Phycomycosis, zygomycosis

A

Mucormycosis

60
Q

Causative agent of mucormycosis

A

Mucorales and entomophthorales

61
Q

Main types of phycomycosis infection occur in human beings

A

Superficial (localized) - involves external ear, fingernails and the skin

Visceral (disseminated)
- pulmonary
- gastrointestinal
- rhinocerebral - greatest interest to the dental profession

62
Q

Early clinical manifestation of the disease - appearance of a reddish black nasal turbinate and septum with a nasal discharge

A

Mucormycosis

63
Q

Necrosis may extend to the paranasal sinuses and orbital cavity, with the development of sinus tracts and sloughing of tissue

Present as a mass in the maxilla,m resembling carcinoma of the antrum

A

Mucormycosis

64
Q

Histologic feature.

Large nonseptate fungal hyphae characteristic of themucormycotic organism

A

Mucormycosis

65
Q

Treatment of mucormycosis

A

Surgical debriment

Lipid formulations of amphotericin B

Addressing underlying risk factors

66
Q

Causative agent of aspergllosis

A

Aspergillus spp.

67
Q

Aspergillosis that usually affects a normal host, appearing either as an allergic reaction or a cluster of fungal hyphae

A

Noninvasive aspergillosis

68
Q

Aspergillosis that may be seen in a normal host, but a more extensive infection is often evident in the immunocompromised patient

A

Localized invasive aspergillosis

69
Q

Two most commonly aspergillosis encountered species in the medical seeting

A

A. Flavus

A. Fumigatus - responsible for most case of aspergillosis

70
Q

Disease may appear as an allergy affecting either the sinuses (allergic fungal sinusitis) or the bronchopulmonary tract

Fungus ball (mycetoma, aspergilloma) represents a mass of fungal organism within a body cavity

Examination may show gingival ulceration and palatal swelling with a gray to vilaceous hue

A

Aspergillosis

71
Q

Fungal hyphae and a fruiting body of the mucormycotic organism

A

Aspergillosis

72
Q

Treatment of aspergillosis

For immunocompetent host
- voriconazole
- alternative drug - liposomal amphotericin B or capsofungin

For immunocompromised patients
- aggressive debridement o necrotic tssue, combined with systemic antifungal therapy

A

Aspergillosis

Oral Path Finals (6 decks)

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