Viral infections

Question 1

What are mumps? How is it caught?

Answer 1

Via air droplets

15-24 days

infectious 5 days before and after parotid swelling

asymptomatic
or
headache, fever, parotid swelling

pancreatitis, neuritis, arthritis, mastitis, nephritis, thyroiditis, pericarditis

Question 2

Investigations for mumps?

Answer 2

oral fluid IgM sample

amylase raised

Question 3

Management in the mumps?

Answer 3

Supportive care - rest, analgesia, and fluids

Question 4

What is measles?

Answer 4

spread through secretions
highly transmissible
incubation = 7-18 days
infective period - 4 days before and after rash

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of measles?

Answer 5

Prodrome - high fever, irritability, conjunctivitis

Maculopapular rash - face neck

Koplik spots - small white spots surrounded by red ring

cough

Question 6

Investigations for measles?

Answer 6

Measles serology - IgM and IgG

PCR of blood and saliva

Question 7

Management of measles?

Answer 7

Notify PHE

rest and supportive treatment.- fluid, antipyretics, rest

Children isolated in hospital

Question 8

Complications of measles?

Answer 8

encephalitis - after 1-2 weeks

SSPE - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

otitis media

pneumonia

keratoconjunctiivits

Question 9

What is rubella?

Answer 9

This is called Togavirus - spread through sneezing/couging

Question 10

What are some signs and symptoms of rubella?

Answer 10

mild fever/ asymptomatic

maculopapular rash

lymphadenopathy

Question 11

Investigations for rubella?

Answer 11

rubella serology from oral fluid test

PCR test

Question 12

Management for rubella?

Answer 12

supportive - fluids, analgesia, rest

safety net the complications

Question 13

What is parvovirus B19?

Answer 13

Commonly transmitted by coughing and sneezing

infects RBC precursors in BM

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of parvovirus B19

Answer 14

1 - asymptomatic or common cold symptoms

2- red ‘slapped cheek rash’

3 - aplastic crisis

4 - fetal disease

Question 15

Investigations into Parvovirus B19?

Answer 15

B19 serology - IgG and IgM

Question 16

Management of parvovirus B19?

Answer 16

Supportive - virus fluids, analgesia, rest

safety net complications

Question 17

What is chickenpox (vxv)?

Answer 17

Hhv-3
incubation period = 10-21 days
infectious period = 48hours before rash to last crusted over lesion

Question 18

Signs and symptoms of Chickenpox?

investigations?

Answer 18

pyrexia
headache,
abdominal pain,
malaise

vesicles - head, neck, trunk

clinical diagnosis

Question 19

Management of chickenpox?

Answer 19

supportive - fluids, analgesia

isolate - immunocompromised, pregnant, keep from school

Question 20

Complications of chickenpox?

Answer 20

secondary bacterial superinfection

encephalitis

purpura fulminas

dehydration

Question 21

What is hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 21

due to coxsackie a16 virus

common un der 10

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of hand foot and mouth

Answer 22

Painful, itchy, vesicular lesions (hands, foot, mouth, tongue, buttocks)

o Mild systemic features – fever, sore throat, spots in mouth → develop into ulcers

Question 23

Management of hand foot and mouth disease?

Answer 23

Supportive - fluids, analgesia and rest

safety net - dehydration, if it doesnt clear up

Question 24

What is roseola infantum?

Answer 24

Sixth disease - HHV6

most children infected by age 2

Question 25

Signs and symptoms of roseola infantum?

Answer 25

high fever and malaise
sore throat
lymphadenopathy
spots on uvula and soft palate

Question 26

Investigations of roseola infantum?

Answer 26

HHV6 serology

measles and rubella serology

Question 27

Management of roseola infantum?

Answer 27

Supportive

safety net