Viral Hepatitis Flashcards
Describe the type, transmission, diagnosis, history and management of hepatitis A.
This is an RNA virus, that is a notifiable disease.
It is transmitted in a faeco-oral route and is diagnosed by the presence of Anti-HAV IgM in the blood (acute infection).
It has an incubation period of 2-6 weeks, and causes an acute hepatitis.
The management of hepatitis A is mainly supportive.
Describe the type, transmission, diagnosis, history and management of hepatitis B.
This is a DNA virus.
It is blood-borne and is transmitted sexually, vertically, horizontally or iatrogenically. It is diagnosed with the presence of IgM (acute infection) or IgG (chronic infection).
It has an incubation period of 2-6 months and can go on to cause fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
It is treated with PegIFN alpha 2a, or lamivudine.
Describe the type, transmission, diagnosis, history and management of hepatitis C.
This is an RNA virus.
It is transmitted primarily through blood transfusions. It is diagnosed with the presence of Anti-HCV antibodies.
It causes acute hepatitis and has an 80% risk of developing into chronic infection. It can also go on to cause fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
It can be treated with PegIFN alpha 2b, and ribavirin. Hepatitis C can now be cured.
What is the defining feature of hepatitis D?
It is the smallest virus known to infect man, and required hepatitis B to have an effect.
Describe hepatitis E.
This is an RNA virus, transmitted in the faeco-oral route and is quite rare. It is more common in India. It has a 3-8 week incubation, and the treatment is mainly supportive.
It has a high mortality in pregnant women, but a vaccine is available.
It can sometimes complicate into neuropathologies.
