Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
What are the common STI symptoms?
Males:
- Discharge
- Dysuria
- Scrotal pain/swelling
- Rash/sores
Females:
- Discharge
- Ulceration
- Itching/soreness
- Bleeding
- Abdominal pain/dyspareunia/dysuria
Name causes of discharge
- Gonorrhoea
- Chlamydia
- Trichomonas
- Candida
- Bacterial vaginosis
Name causes of ulceration
- Syphilis
- HSV
- LGV
- Chancroid
- Donovanosis
Name causes of rashes
- Genital warts/HPV
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Scabies
- Pubic rice
Describe a gonorrhoea infection
Gram negative diplococcus
Symptoms (males):
- Asymptomatic
- Proctitis
- Prostatitis
Symptoms (female)
- Erythema, oedema
- Discharge
- PID
Diagnosis: urethral/rectal smears
Treatment:
- Ceftriaxone IM 250mg single dose, OR
- Cefixime PO 400mg single dose
Describe a chlamydia infection
Gram negative, associated with younger ages
Symptoms:
- Asymptomatic
- Discharge
- PID
- Tubal damage in women
Diagnosis:
- NAAT
Treatment:
- Azithromycin 1g stat
- Doxycycline 100mg BD for 1/52 (no sunlight), OR
- Erythromycin 00mg QDS for 1/52
Describe lympho-granuloma venereum
Lymphatic infection with chlamydia
Early primary (3-12 days): genital ulcer, painless, balanitis, proctitis, cervicitis Early secondary (2-25 weeks): inguinal buboes, painful, may rupture, fever, malaise Late: inguinal LNpathy, abscess, genital ulcers, rectal strictures, fistulae
Diagnosis:
- NAAT
- PCR
Treatment:
- Tetracyclines (doxycycline 100mg BD for 3/2)
- Erythromycin 00mg QDS for 3/2
Describe syphilis infection
Primary and secondary infections
Diagnosis:
- Antibody detection
Primary:
- Macule -> papule -> indurated painless ulcer
- Stays for 4-6 weeks then spontaneously goes
- Called a chancre
Secondary:
- Systemic bacteraemia, fever, symmetrical truncal rash, palms and soles
- 1-6 months following primary
Tertiary:
- Rare, 2-40 years later, granuloma
- Cardiovascular: 10-30 years later
Treatment:
- Single dose IM benzylpenicillin (doxycycline if allergic)
Describe other bacterial STIs
Chancroid
- Haemophilus ducreyi
- Tropical ulcer disease
- Multiple, painful ulcers
- Diagnosed on PCR
Trichomonas
- Flagellated protozoan
- Wet prep microscopy, PCR
- Green discharge in women
- Treat with metronidazole
Bacterial vaginosis
- Not transmitted, associated to hygiene
- Diagnosed on microscopy
- Not fully understood
Describe candidiasis
Vaginal thrush
- Cheesy discharge
- Not sexually transmitted
- Treat with metronidazole
Describe molluscum contagiosum
Pox virus, dsDNA
- Hands and face on children, spread by skin/skin contact
- Adults: genital lesions and spread sexually
- Treat with cryotherapy
Describe genital warts
HPV: dsDNA
- Warts can recur with treatment
- Diagnosis is clinical
- Treated at home with cream (not in pregnancy)
- Treat with cryotherapy
What other viral STIs are there?
- Hepatitis
- Herpes
- HIV
