Viral Genetics, Pathogenesis, Classification and Structure - Ornelles Flashcards
Viruses are small. They are closer in size to __ than bacteria.
Viruses are small. They are closer in size to proteins than bacteria.
Viruses have limited genetic capacity. They have no __ synthesis machinery.
Viruses have limited genetic capacity. They have no protein synthesis machinery.
Viruses bring ___ not parts
instructions
Progeny is formed in ___ – not by binary fission
bursts
Genome is either __ or __. It evolves independently from the ___
RNA or DNA
host
Viruses all have a __ protein – can be helical, cuboidal (icosahedral), or complex
capsid
T/F: Not all viruses have a protein capsue, but the ones that infect humans do.
T
Viruses have an optional ___ ___, which can be derived from the __, __ or the __.
Viruses have an optional lipid envelope, which can be derived from the plasma membrane, golgie or nuclear envelope
Viral genomes are diverse. They can be __ or ___, can be single, doubl or partially double/singly stranded. Topology can be circular, linear or cross-linked. They can be a single segment or can be multiple.
RNA or DNA
All viruses have a ___. The __ protects the viral genome. The __ mediates attachment to the cell if not enveloped (spike-like proteins on the surface of the naked virus often serve as the viral attachment protein. hey are often targeted by neutralizing ___). Sometimes, the capsid encapsulates ___ proteins.
All viruses have a capsid. This protects the viral genome. It mediates attachment to the cell if not enveloped (spike-like proteins on the surface of the naked virus often serve as the viral attachment protein. hey are often targeted by neutralizing ___). Sometimes the capsid encapsulated accessory proteins.
Having an envelope typically renders a virion more ___ than a non-enveloped virion.
fragile
___virus is the most common cause of the common cold. It is ___ stable –> no __ for attachment.
Rhinovirus is the most common cause of the common cold. It is environmentally stable –> no spikes for attachment
Poliovirus is ___ sable.
environmentally
___ corona virus can cause severe respiratory disease
SARS
____ is the most common cause of CROUP in infants.
Parainfluenza virus (hPIV-1)
___ is an orthomyxovirus with prominant ___ glycoproteins.
Influenza
spike
___ is an envrionmentally stable RNA virus with segmented genome.
___ virus is an environmentally stable DNA virus.
Rota
Adeno
HSV is a ____ with an ___capsid, with an envelop and __ proteins (unique to herpes)
dsDNA
icosahedral
tegument
____ is a ssDNA and causes 5th disease (slapped cheek) and aplastic crsis (anemia)
Parvovirus
___ is unusally stable –> large enveloped cirus
smallpox
__ is a human retrovirus. It has spike glycoproteins and a distinctive capsid. It has an envelope.
HIV
T/F: All viruses with a helical capsule have a lipid envelope
True
What consequence does a lipid envelope have on a viruses stability?
It separates virion’s contents from environment and makes it unstable in dry environments.
What maintains the lipid bilayer?
water - dehydration causes viral envelope integrity to be lost.