Viral Disease - Diagnosis and Control Flashcards
How can you make a presumptive diagnosis?
History and clinical exam
Important consideration for viral diagnosis
Will a specific diagnosis change the treatment or control plan?
Types of viral diagnostic tests available
Detection of viral antigen
Detection of viral nucleic acid
Detection of antiviral antibody
Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Test
SNAP or Lateral flow
May help with prognosis
Can send sample for PCR
Treatment is unlikely to change based on diagnosis
Cat flu test
Don’t usually test
Treat symptomatically
○ Fluids
○ Supportive feeding
○ Secondary infection treatment
* Can confirm presence of disease
○ Treat FHV corneal ulcers with antiviral treatment
Virus isolation and CPR available
Do we test for calf respiratory disease?
Not really - diagnosis based on clinical signs
Treat symptomatically
Can use pooled samples to test
Test for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Wet FIP easier to diagnose
Abdominocentesis and Rivalta test - drop effusion into solution
* Raised serum gamma globulins within serum
* Raised alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
PCR - Better to use peritoneal fluid rather than blood
Why is it difficult to test for FIP?
Antibody not useful
* Shows exposure to coronavirus but not presence of disease
Tests for BVDV
Test for viral antigens
Bulk milk screening is useful - won’t tell you individual infections
Tests for Avian influenza
RT-rPCR
tracheal, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs
Need fresh samples
Can use sequencing/serotyping to confirm subtype
* High or low pathogenic
Methods of Disease control
Biosecurity
Husbandry
Vaccination
Biosecurity measures on farms
Keeping closed herds
Strict about who is let on farm
Stamping out policy
Husbandry
Colostrum
All in - all out policies
Deep cleaning
Isolation
Canine Core Vaccines
Canine Distemper Virus - CDV
Canine Parvovirus 2 - CPV
Caine Adenovirus 2 - CAV
Leptospirosis
