Viral and Chlamydial- RTI

Question 1

ARD

Answer 1

Cold- benign, transitory, self limited

Question 2

? ARD predominates

Answer 2

viral

Question 3

viral causes of ARD

Answer 3

Rhino 25%, Corona 10%, Adeno and unknown 30-40 %

Question 4

abx for ARD

Answer 4

not appropriate

Question 5

Zicam

Answer 5

not to use since 2009

Question 6

Rhino Epidemiology

Answer 6

hyperendemic in winter, more in children and young adults

Question 7

transmission of ARD

Answer 7

aerosol, fomites, carriers , direct contact

Question 8

major vector in person to person transmission of ARD

Answer 8

Hands

Question 9

existence of human carrier state in ARD

Answer 9

highly probable

Question 10

Rhino control

Answer 10

hand washing and disinfection

Question 11

picovir

Answer 11

binds to virion canyon and halts infection

Question 12

flu types

Answer 12

A (worst) , B, C : defined by nucleocaspid proteins

Question 13

flu antigenic subtypes

Answer 13

large number of antigenic subtypes based on envelope proteins are known

Question 14

flu: H hemagglutinin

Answer 14

viral attachment

Question 15

flu: N neuraminidase

Answer 15

viral penetration and release from infected cells

Question 16

flu manifestations

Answer 16

short incubation, abrupt onset, symptoms, 1 week, long convalescence

Question 17

big worry for flu

Answer 17

complications

Question 18

complications of flu

Answer 18

pulmonary, Reyes, Guillain-Barre

Question 19

pulmonary complication of flu

Answer 19

primary viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia

Question 20

secondary bacterial pneumonia causes

Answer 20

strep pnemo, staph aureus, H. flu B(HIB)

Question 21

Reyes syndrome

Answer 21

avoid aspirin in children

Question 22

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 22

demylination, insult unclear (1976 swine flu vaccine) ~40% viral

Question 23

Dx of flu

Answer 23

clinical, direct viral isolation from throat (nasopharyngeal swabs), rapid test kits (reveals antigens)

Question 24

rapid test kits

Answer 24

false negative if early in course or low antigen

Question 25

flu tx

Answer 25

amantadine, timantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 26

amantadine and rimantadine for flu type?

Answer 26

stops type A only

Question 27

amantadine and rimantadine MOA

Answer 27

stops uncoating/penetraring

Question 28

oseltamivir and zanamivir for flu type?

Answer 28

antagonizes both A and B

Question 29

oseltamivir and zanamivir MOA

Answer 29

neuraminadase inhibitor, stops spreading/release of virus

Question 30

major concern w/ flu tx

Answer 30

drug resistance

Question 31

flu vaccine formulated w/

Answer 31

the two most prevalent flu A viruses + the most prevalent type B virus

Question 32

recent flu vaccine changes

Answer 32

quadrivalent, high potency for elderly, recombinant and cell culture based, intradermal application

Question 33

quadrivalent

Answer 33

froms with 2 type A and 2 type B

Question 34

flu antigenic variation

Answer 34

shift and/or drift

Question 35

drift

Answer 35

point mutation of H or N proteins=minor

Question 36

shift

Answer 36

recombination involving entire genome segment encoding H or N

Question 37

most important for pandemics

Answer 37

antigenic shifts

Question 38

type A may appear in

Answer 38

endemic, epidemic, pandemic

Question 39

flu nomenclature

Answer 39

type/location of discovery/year of isolation/antigenic type

Question 40

2009 novel H1N1 swine flu

Answer 40

pandemic in Mexico due to unanticipated type of shift

Question 41

Chlamydiae

Answer 41

obligate intracellular parasites-remove ATP from host

Question 42

Chlamydiae tow forms

Answer 42

EB: elementary body, infectious non growing , dispersal RB: reticulate body, growing

Question 43

infant pneumonia cause

Answer 43

Chlamydiae trachomatis (3 weeks after birth, rhinitis and cough)

Question 44

what complication after infection w/Chlamydiae trachomatis

Answer 44

Reiter's syndrome

Question 45

C. pneumoniae

Answer 45

TWAR, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis

Question 46

C. pneumoniae a/w

Answer 46

atherosclerosis