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Micro Exam 2 > OTITIS, SINUSITIS, DIPHTHERIA, & PERTUSSIS > Flashcards

OTITIS, SINUSITIS, DIPHTHERIA, & PERTUSSIS Flashcards

1
Q

most common bacterial cause of otitis externa

A

p. aeruginosa, staph aureus

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2
Q

most common bacterial cause of otitis media and sinusitis

A

strep pnemo (50%), moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus flu

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3
Q

most common bacterial cause of diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

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4
Q

most common bacterial cause of pertussis

A

bordetella pertussis

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5
Q

predisposing factors of OE

A

MOISTURE, foreign objects, trauma, chronic skin dz

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of OE

A

otalgia and otorrhea

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7
Q

p. aeruginosa

A

G- bacilli, encapsulated, pigment producer

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8
Q

types of pigments in p. aeruginosa

A
  1. Pyocyanin (non-fluorescent blue) 2. Pyoverdin (fluorescent green)
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9
Q

pyocyanin

A

generates ROS

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10
Q

pyoverdin

A

sequestrate iron a siderophore

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11
Q

staph aureus

A

G+ cocci in clusters, encapsulated, Coagulase positive, beta hemolytic

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12
Q

beta hemolytic

A

staph aureus

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13
Q

coagulase positive

A

staph aureus

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14
Q

dx of OE

A

examination and gram stain

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15
Q

tx of OE

A

removal of debris, topicals ( acidifying agents, corticosteroids, abx), oral if fever, systemic analgesics

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16
Q

acute OM

A

inflammation of the middle ear a/w fluid

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17
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation w/in paranasal sinuses

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18
Q

strep pneumo

A

G+, lancet shaped diplococci, virulent strains are encapsulated, alpha hemolysis on blood agar, sensitive to optochin

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19
Q

? is sensitive to optochin

A

strep coccus pnemo

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20
Q

alpha hemolysis on blood sugar a/w

A

streptococus pneumo

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21
Q

H. flu

A

G- cocobacilli, nontypeable strains

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22
Q

M. Catarrhalis

A

G- diplococci, oxidase positive, beta lactamase producer

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23
Q

oxidase positive a/w

A

m. catarrhalis

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24
Q

OM dx

A

clinical presentation, culture and gram stain of fluid

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25
Q

OM tx

A

amoxicillin, tympanostomy tubes

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26
Q

sinusitis dx

A

nasal biopsy (cytology), CT scan, allergy testing

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27
Q

tx of sinusitis

A

varies: irrigation, analgesics, decongestant, abx, steroids, surgery

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28
Q

corynebacterium

A

G + pleomorphic bacilli shaped

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29
Q

chinese letters appearance a/w

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

30
Q

metachromatic (volutin) granules

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

31
Q

grows aerobically on blood agar

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

32
Q

cultured on selective media isolation/identification

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

33
Q

toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheria have

A

phage-exotoxin = diphtheria toxin

34
Q

diphtheria toxin

A

A-B exotoxin

35
Q

what does the A subunit of diphtheria toxin do?

A

inactivated EF-2 via ADP-ribosylation=>halting protein synthesis

36
Q

cutaneous diphtheria is due to

A

nontoxigenic strains

37
Q

respiratory diphtheria

A

formation of pseudomembrane

38
Q

ball neck a/w

A

serious dz of respiratory diphtheria

39
Q

diphtheria spread via

A

person-person via droplets/skin

40
Q

diphtheria Dx :culture

A

Loeffler’s medium & Cysteine-tellurite agar

41
Q

Loefflers medium

A

supports growth & enhances formation of volutin granules

42
Q

cysteine-tellurite agar

A

distinctive black to tellurite reduction-> isolates tested for toxin

43
Q

Loefflers medium

A

diphtheria

44
Q

cysteine-tellurite agar

A

diphtheria

45
Q

diphtheria Dx: staining

A

Gram: club shaped G+ bacilli
Volutin: Metachromatic (volutin) granules

46
Q

club shaped G+ bacilli

A

diphtheria

47
Q

toxin tests for diphtheria on isolates

A

Elek test, PCR, ELISA, Immunochromatographic strip assay

48
Q

Elek test

A

immunodiffusion assay to secretion of exotoxin

49
Q

PCR

A

detect presence of tox gene

50
Q

ELISA

A

detect diphtheria exotoxin

51
Q

Immunochromatographic strip assay

A

detect diphtheria exotoxin -very sensitive

52
Q

diphtheria tx

A
  1. Neutralize w/antitoxin 2. erythromycin 3. isolation 4. vaccine when recovered
53
Q

diphtheria prevention

A

vaccine toxoid (formalin-inactivated toxin)

54
Q

bordetella pertussis

A

small G- coccobacilli, aerobic on agar

55
Q

virulence factors in bordetella pertussis

A

endotoxin, exotoxin, adhesins

56
Q

pertussis adhesins

A

attachment to integrins =>colonization of the cilliated respiratory epithelium

57
Q

pertussis toxins

A
  1. A-B exotoxins 2. dermonecrotic toxin 3. tracheal cytotoxin 4. adenylate cyclase toxin
58
Q

three stages of pertussis

A
  1. catarrhal 2. paroxysmal 3. convalescent
59
Q

catarrhal stage

A

nosspecific URI

60
Q

pertussis highly contagious

A

catarrhal stage

61
Q

paroxysmal stage

A

paroxysmal cough w/ vomiting for weeks

62
Q

complication during paroxysmal stage due to

A

vomiting and increased pressure

63
Q

convalescent stage

A

recovery, less paroxysms for weeks

64
Q

complication of convalescent stage

A

PNEUMONIA, encephalopathy, seizures, death

65
Q

pertussis epidemiology

A

human dz, more in <1yo, endemic dz, epidemics

66
Q

presumptive dx of pertussis

A

serology ELISA to detect Igs

67
Q

definitive Dx of pertussis

A
  1. culture sample on enriched medium 2. PCR (highly sensitive)
68
Q

Cultures for pertussis

A
  1. Bordet-gengou agar 2. Regan-lowe agar
69
Q

pertussis tx

A

erythromycin, caccine

70
Q

pertussis vaccine

A

inactivated toxin and 1+adhesins/ other components

Micro Exam 2 (4 decks)

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